Baltic Journal of Legal and Social Sciences

PSYCHOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF FORENSIC EXPERT ACTIVITIES

Valeriia Bondarenko-Berehovych — 2025-04-01

Abstract. The development of modern society is accompanied by qualitative changes in all spheres of life, including the legal environment. The formation of professional morality, and ethical principles in a forensic expert is a requirement of the time, without them his conscientious activity aimed at protecting the constitutional rights and freedoms of every citizen is impossible. The article presents a thorough theoretical analysis of forensic expert activity. A classification of approaches to determining the content of the forensic expert activity is carried out, based on which the following working concept of forensic expertise is presented: this is a study by an expert based on special knowledge of material objects, phenomena, and processes that contain information about the circumstances of the case. It has been established that the effectiveness of the activities of a forensic expert depends on many factors, namely the presence of his special knowledge and skills. The main role of expert activity is determined by identifying evidentiary facts as a result of applying the expert's special knowledge to the object of study. This is a key element that distinguishes forensic expert activity. Having determined which areas are the most important in the professional activity of a forensic expert, it is possible to improve the state of training of specialists in forensic activity and ensure the effectiveness of conclusions in the work of experts. Therefore, we have developed a model of the psychological structure of forensic activity, which includes cognitive, constructive, organizational, and communicative activities. The formation of the components presented in the model is the key to the professionalism of forensic experts and the independence of their conclusions.

CLOSURE OF CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS ON THE GROUNDS OF EXPIRATION OF THE PRE-TRIAL INVESTIGATION: ANALYSIS OF CERTAIN LEGISLATIVE INITIATIVES

Oleksii Kalinnikov — 2025-04-01

Abstract. This article analyzes legislative initiatives to improve criminal proceedings in terms of the pre-trial investigation period and the legal consequences of its completion in accordance with the Draft Law “On Amendments to the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine and the Law of Ukraine ‘On the Public Prosecutor's Office’ regarding the removal of obstacles to access to justice for parties to criminal proceedings” No. 12367 of 30.12.2024 and alternative draft laws No. 12367-1 of 08.01.2025, No. 12367-2 of 14.01.2025, No. 12367-3 of 14.01.2025. The author analyzes certain aspects of the development of the statutory regulation of the pre-trial investigation period and the substantive characteristics of the proposed amendments to the criminal procedure legislation. The author presents the positions of scholars, lawyers and representatives of civil society on the proposed changes. It is substantiated that the existing mechanism of closing criminal proceedings on the basis of expiration of the pre-trial investigation term encourages the prosecution to conduct pre-trial investigation within a reasonable time, which is fully consistent with the objectives of criminal proceedings, complies with the provisions of international treaties, the case law of the European Court of Human Rights and meets the general principles of criminal proceedings. Given the systematic analysis of the criminal procedural legislation of Ukraine, the author makes critical remarks on the unreasonable proposals of legislative initiatives.

SUBSIDIARITY PRINCIPLE IN THE SPHERE OF LEGAL LIABILITY AND BEYOND (EXPERIENCE OF THE REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN)

Ali Khalilov — 2025-04-01

Abstract. This article examines the principle of subsidiarity in the legal system of the Republic of Azerbaijan, highlighting its role in various branches of law (civil, family, administrative, criminal) to ensure fairness and efficiency. Subsidiary liability promotes the fulfilment of obligations and regulates non-obligatory legal relations. From a constitutional perspective, the study analyses the relationship between subsidiarity, proportionality and the unity of the State, emphasising its adaptation from private to public law. The research confirms its importance in decentralisation, governance and legal order. The results show that subsidiarity strengthens political stability, public trust and the protection of human rights, while contributing to sustainable development. The constitutional interpretation of the principle varies according to the international obligations assumed by the state.

LEGAL SYSTEM OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: LAW CRITERIA OF TYPOLOGIZATION

Iryna Nastasіak — 2025-04-01

Abstract. The article examines the legal system of the United States of America with the help of legal typologization criteria (which are the features of the institutional, functional and regulatory parts of the legal system) with the allocation of such cognitive constructs as «identification code of the legal system» and «indicator of the functioning and development of the legal system»; the author confirms its identification with the Anglo-American type (the legal system of the United States of America is a subtype of common law); reveals the state of its functioning, as well as trends and prospects for its solution. The tasks which made it possible to achieve the research objective were as follows: analysis of scientific sources, official documents, including sources of law; creation of an empirical basis for the application of such cognitive constructs as «identification code of the legal system» and «indicator of the functioning and development of the legal system»; identification of typical indicators, indicators of permissible deviations, and development prospects. These constructs made it possible to identify deformations and formulate ways to overcome them. In the course of the study, the author used sociological methodology, in particular, the method of document analysis. Thus, a significant number of official documents were analyzed: laws and other sources of law of the United States of America; scientific sources; and an empirical basis for the application of general theoretical and comparative legal methodology was created. The stability of typical indicators in the legal system of the United States of America is revealed. It is also established that the indicators of permissible deviations are also aimed at ensuring this stability, and this gives rise to the conclusion that the legal system of the United States of America may evolutionarily transition to a future new legal form.

FUTURE PROPERTY DONATION CONTRACT AS AN INHERITANCE CONTRACT RECOGNITION GROUND

Edward Pilipson — 2025-04-01

Abstract. This article subject matter is legal relationships which arise in future property donation contract recognition as an inheritance contract situation. Future property donation contract legal opportunity to recognize as an inheritance contract indicates the presence of three legal regimes for this legal deal – donation legal regime, future property donation legal regime and, as follows from Civil Law of the Republic of Latvia section 1926 provisions, contractual succession legal regime. As a result of this circumstance, the essential components formed by the rules of the law of donation, which mediate active and retroactive influence on the formation of objects inherent in the inheritance contract, will undoubtedly have a different legal nature, both retroactively – on the rules of the applicable law of donation, and actively – on the rules of the law of contractual succession, applicable to the law of inheritance contract. As a consequence, this situation will give rise to other legal consequences which are not characteristic of the legal regulation of these agreements. It is quite difficult to assess the consequences mentioned above. The lack of specification of the norm regarding transfer of future property legal category indicates that future property donation as a form of hereditary alienation – this deal recognition as an inheritance contract should provide legal and sufficiently approved grounds for invalidity. However, carrying out law-making activities, Latvian legislator allowed the transfer of future property as the legal basis for future property donation contract as a form of property hereditary alienation.

PECULIARITIES OF THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS FOR THE FORMATION OF STUDENTS’ COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE IN LEARNING ENGLISH FOR PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES

Olha Dienichieva — 2025-04-01

Abstract. The issue of developing students' communicative competence in the study of English is highlighted by the requirements for professional training outcomes in higher education institutions and current societal demands. It is summarised that communicative competence is developed through direct interaction and becomes the result of communication experience for individuals. Communicative competence is viewed as the ability to understand and produce English at the phonological, lexico-grammatical, and cultural knowledge and language skills level and in accordance with the goals and specifics of professional communication situations. Purposeful work towards developing students' communicative competence during the study of English for professional purposes is understood as a holistic process of structuring the educational process based on the alignment of its key components: goal-setting (reflecting the aim of the study and the requirement for the simultaneous participation of all students in completing specific tasks); content (based on the selection of specialised learning tasks); technological (defining the conditions, methods, and tools for the development of communicative competence); and evaluative-resultative (designing tools to determine the effectiveness of the proposed changes and their impact on the state of communicative competence among higher education students).

DIGITAL STORYTELLING: DEVELOPING SPEAKING SKILLS IN LEARNING FOREIGN LANGUAGES

Nataliia Tymoshchuk — 2025-04-01

Abstract. This study examines the role of digital storytelling in enhancing speaking skills among English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners in higher education. The research highlights digital storytelling as an innovative pedagogical tool integrating multimedia elements to foster personalized, interactive, and practical learning experiences. Based on existing literature and a case study at the Vinnytsia Institute of Trade and Economics, the study demonstrates significant improvements in students’ speaking abilities. Digital storytelling lets students personalize their learning, improve speaking skills, and develop essential soft skills. Pre- and post-test analyses confirm a marked improvement in speaking skills across multiple aspects, validating digital storytelling as an impactful educational technology. The findings underscore its potential to transform EFL classrooms, enhance students’ motivation, and create collaborative and independent learning opportunities. The study concludes with recommendations for integrating digital storytelling into language teaching to achieve optimal learning outcomes.

INTEGRATION OF ARTISTIC-PRODUCTIVE AND THEATRICAL-GAME ACTIVITIES AS A MEANS OF FORMATION OLDER PRESCHOOL CHILDREN’S CREATIVE ABILITIES

Alla Zubaliy — 2025-04-01

Abstract. The article highlights the features of the formation of preschool children’s creative abilities through the integration of artistic and productive and theatrical and game activities. The analysis of studies of integration in preschool educational institutions and the issue of the formation of children’s creative abilities is conducted. The essence of the concept of «integration» and ways of its implementation in the educational process of a preschool educational institution are determined. The importance of combining artistic and productive and theatrical and game activities for the development of cognitive interests of older preschoolers is substantiated. The influence of art education on the comprehensive development and formation of personality is characterized. The relevance and necessity of the integration of artistic and productive and theatrical and game activities, which provides the opportunity for preschool children to realize their creative abilities and express themselves in creativity is determined.

PERSONAL ARCHIVES OF AZERBAIJANI COMPOSERS (BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF THE INSTITUTE OF MANUSCRIPTS)

Naila Samadova — 2025-04-01

Abstract. The personal archives of literary and cultural figures who lived and created during the 19th-20th centuries are preserved at the Institute of Manuscripts named after Muhammad Fuzuli under the Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences. Documents belonging to prominent poets, prose writers, artists, actors, and composers are carefully preserved in their archives. In the presented article, the archives preserved in the Institute of Manuscripts belonging to Uzeyir Hajibeyli, the founder of the Azerbaijani composer school and creator of the first opera in the East, editor, translator, and pedagogue, Muslim Magomayev, the first professional opera conductor, composer, and public figure, and Zulfugar Hajibeyov, a composer who made significant contributions to the development of Azerbaijani musical culture, are reviewed and analyzed. The archives of the mentioned composers contain handwritten musical scores of their works, biographies and personal documents, letters they wrote and received, materials from various individuals, photographs, printed books, and other documents. These documents are grouped by sections, and the folder in which each document is stored indicates the storage unit, volume, language, and alphabet in which it is written. The article provides information about the documents stored in sections and sub-sections, the importance of the archive in the study of the life and activities of each composer, his creative ties. The creativity of these outstanding composers, in particular Uzeyir Hajibeyli, has been studied from various angles, a large number of books and monographs have been written about them. But their archives have not been studied in a complex way. Although the archives of all three composers have been described and published, some shortcomings are noticeable in these books: some documents have been left out of the description, some documents have not been coded correctly, and the compilation has not been carried out properly. It should also be noted that some scattered documents have been properly grouped and presented in these books, mainly in the book titled “Description of Uzeyir Hajibeyli's archive”. It is impossible to imagine 20th-century Azerbaijani culture and the history of public opinion without Uzeyir Hajibeyli, Muslim Magomayev, and Zulfugar Hajibeyov. From the beginning of the last century to modern times, their works are performed on theatrical stages and win the sympathy of a wide audience. The archives of these personalities are rich in materials about their lives and activities, and many unexplored documents are still waiting for their researcher here. By revealing and researching them, it is possible to give new contributions to the culture of Azerbaijan.

SEMIOTICS OF TEXT-VISUAL COMMUNICATION IN UKRAINIAN SOCIAL POSTERS: INTERPLAY OF SIGNS, SYMBOLS, AND CULTURAL NARRATIVES

Yurii Sosnytskyi — 2025-04-01

Abstract. This article examines the semiotics of text-visual communication in Ukrainian social posters, focusing on the interaction between textual and visual elements as a unified system of signs. The findings indicate that the effectiveness of Ukrainian social posters is rooted in the harmonious integration of text and imagery, where each component complements and amplifies the other to create emotionally charged and conceptually rich messages. The posters analyzed demonstrate how semiotic mechanisms–such as metaphor, symbolism, and intertextuality – are employed to evoke empathy, provoke critical reflection, and inspire social action. Furthermore, the research underscores the transformative potential of social posters as tools of cultural memory, capable of preserving historical narratives and fostering a sense of collective identity, particularly during times of societal crisis. This study contributes to the broader field of visual communication and semiotics by providing insights into the role of text-visual interaction in the construction of meaning within social posters.

METHODS OF FORMATION AND TECHNOLOGIES OF DEVELOPMENT OF PROFESSIONAL MORAL AND ETHICAL QUALITIES OF FUTURE SPECIALISTS OF THE SOCIAL SPHERE (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE CARPATHIAN INSTITUTE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP, UNIVERSITY "UKRAINE")

Ivan Shynkar — 2025-04-01

Abstract. The article examines in detail the methods of formation and technologies of development of professional moral and ethical qualities of future specialists of the social sphere. The educational process in higher education is based not only on the best examples of domestic and foreign experience of social work, adapted to the conditions of specific regions, but also with the use of quite effective technologies and teaching methods. Overcoming the previously widespread reproductive nature of humanitarian education, a modern methodology is currently being formed in the country, which is built taking into account the variability, openness, and dynamism of forms and methods of training specialists in accordance with the draft industry standard for the specialty «social work». Purposeful, systematic formation of professional and ethical qualities not only has a positive effect on moral consciousness, contributes to the translation of ethical knowledge into personal beliefs, increases understanding of their social significance, but also creates the necessary moral and psychological atmosphere and stimulates highly moral actions, regulating the behavior of future and current social workers. Thus, the formation and development of ethical competence of social workers plays an important role in the formation of a social worker as a social work specialist. Further research on this topic can be devoted to studying the mechanisms of forming moral and ethical qualities in future social workers and developing recommendations of a substantive and procedural nature to increase their level.

FEATURES OF MANIFESTATION OF POLITICAL LEGITIMACY IN CENTRAL EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

Tural Alakbarov Tahır — 2025-04-01

Abstract. Understudied aspects of political legitimacy in the contexts of these CEE countries, especially the subjects of this paper, namely Hungary, Poland, East Germany (GDR), and the Czech Republic are investigated in this study. Many of them realized political democratization mainly due to pressure from international organizations such as the European Union and the Council of Europe. In Hungary, legitimacy under Viktor Orban Fidesz government entail electoral support and conservatism and anti-immigration policies albeit undermining the democratic institutional structure. The Polish state gains its mandate from free elections or Catholic culture and civil society but it contested by the recent amendments in the judiciary made by the ruling party, Law and Justice. The GDR was pursuing a Marxist-Leninist image and policed the people and their actions, hence when the economy deteriorated, people protests and desire for freedom made the GDR to collapse following the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989. However, this has increased its democratic legitimacy after the 1989 regime with stable institutions, active civil societies, press and media freedom and EU member despite vices like corruption. This comparative investigation underlines the fact that historical, social and institutional backgrounds influence the recognition of governments in the countries of Central East Europe and concerns international interventions, the process of democratization, and internal social acceptances. Information sources include primary sources like historical documents, constitutions and international agreements; secondary sources such as academic books and articles as well as legal studies; statistical data comprising public opinion polls together with international reports.

THE EMPIRE OF LIE: MEDIA-CONTROL AS A PILLAR OF PUTIN’S AUTHORITARIAN REGIME

Ivan Gisem — 2025-04-01

Abstract. In this article, the author examines the system of media-control in Russia built under Putin from the beginning of 2000s. It has helped consolidating and maintaining his authoritarian rule inside the country over years. It can also be claimed that the system of media control created within Russia had also an impact on Russia’s foreign policy, and the Kremlin attempted to export it within the territory of the former Soviet Union. The key media outlets in Russia are controlled directly by the State or Putin’s close allies -members of the so-called sistema. It creates the illusion of plurality and alternative thoughts, however, all of them are steered from one place – the Kremlin. Nevertheless, this system is strongly Putin-oriented and serves his interests; it will not cease to exist after his resignation. Its infrastructure, with a high degree of probability, will serve his successor too. Thus, the author asserts, the state of play could be changed only by destroying the informal system of power itself.

THE ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS IN RESPONSIBLE POLICY FORMATION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION STATES AND UKRAINE

Yurii Holovchuk — 2025-04-01

Abstract. International non-governmental organizations have a significant impact on the formation of responsible policies in the EU countries and Ukraine, contributing to the implementation of democratic standards, human rights and sustainable development. This article analyzes the role of international non-governmental organizations in supporting democratic reforms, protecting human rights and implementing transparency standards. Separately, the mechanisms through which international non-governmental organizations influence the work of state governments are considered, in particular through monitoring, advocacy and involving the public in decision-making processes. Particular attention is paid to the challenges faced by organizations in Ukraine, including insufficient financial support, political pressure and limited access to resources. The conclusion of the article emphasizes the importance of cooperation between international non-governmental organizations, states and international partners to achieve sustainable change. It is noted that strengthening the interaction of organizations with international donors and civil society is a promising direction for further research, which will contribute to a more effective implementation of their mission. Prospects for further research focus on studying the effectiveness of these organizations in complex political environments.

PECULIARITIES OF PSYCHOLOGICAL INFLUENCE AND MANIPULATION IN SOCIAL NETWORKS ON THE FORMATION OF POLITICAL DISCOURSE

Oleksandra Pidlasa — 2025-04-01

Abstract. The article explores the peculiarities of psychological influence and manipulation in social media on the formation of political discourse. The authors analyse the main methods of manipulation, including targeting, personalisation of content, the use of fake news and information bubbles, and their impact on public opinion. The article uses dialectical and comparative legal methods, as well as case studies to achieve its results. The article discusses in detail examples of political manipulation, in particular during the Russian- Ukrainian war, and suggests ways to neutralise these influences through the development of media literacy, the use of technology to detect fake news and strengthening media accountability. The findings contribute to the development of strategies to counter manipulation in the digital environment.

THE EMOTIONAL NATURE OF ADOLESCENTS' COGNITIVE ACTIVITY

Limunet Shafi Amrahli — 2025-04-01

Abstract. The article discusses the emotional nature of cognitive activity. Experiments conducted with adolescents to clarify this issue are described. It is shown that during adolescence, cognitive processes that are not regulated by emotions cannot sustain their continuity for long periods. Researchers' approaches to this issue vary and these approaches clarify the connection between emotion and cognitive activity, highlighting its negative and positive aspects. Reviewing these studies enables the understanding of the emotional nature of cognitive activity in adolescents, as emotion serves as an essential and significant stimulus for cognitive activity. The article interprets the methods applied in age-differentiated groups of adolescents and their outcomes. Tasks given to participants reveal adolescents' ability to manage and regulate emotional influences in cognitive activity. It was determined that the primary causes of emotional arousal in adolescents' cognitive activity are related to the patterns of psychological age and individual characteristics. Nonetheless, social factors significantly affect their emotional domain. Interestingly, adolescents demonstrate their ability to acquire scientific knowledge in various subjects and solve complex tasks through summative assessments. However, they struggle to fully comprehend their individuality and personal qualities. They are not yet capable of sufficiently using their willpower to manage educational actions independently of emotional influences. These contradictions in the impact of emotional processes on cognitive activity create significant challenges for adolescents. All of these are associated with selfdiscovery and self-determination efforts arising from the age crisis, curiosity about new emotional impressions and instability in those interests. The article also identifies factors contributing to the lack of effective emotional regulation of adolescents' cognitive activity during the educational process. Examples include confusion in assigning and solving tasks, difficulties in comprehending tasks, recognizing new concepts and selecting necessary mental constructs. Other factors include the mismatch between self-assessment and academic evaluations.

POETIC FEATURES OF PARCELLATIVE SENTENCES

Aytan Ahmadova Arzulla — 2025-04-01

Abstract. Parcellative sentences are an important component of the syntactic system of a language. Parcellative sentences are used at the level of a stylistic figure as one of the syntactic tools that serve to create an expressive-emotional shade of meaning in the language. The information intensity that occurs in such sentences is of particular importance from the point of view of creating poeticism. Therefore, parcellative sentences can also be considered as a product of artistic information due to their nature. The emotionality, expressiveness, and artistic depiction conveyed in parcellative sentences are embodied through unique ethnocultural sources in each nation. In this sense, parcellative sentences possess mental characteristics. Parcellative sentences, formed on an ethnocultural foundation, create similar semantics in different languages from the perspective of thought typology. Therefore, parcellative sentences form a paradigm with an interlingual universal character. However, since each language has its own unique qualities, parcellatives have developed distinct means of expression in different languages.

GRAMMATICAL INTERFERENCE IN THE FIRST AND SECOND FOREIGN LANGUAGE: A RATIONAL APPROACH

Svitlana Kiyko — 2025-04-01

Abstract. The article presents a methodology for overcoming grammatical interference in the context of learning multiple languages. This methodology is based on a rational approach and involves a comprehensive system combining learning content, principles, methods, techniques, tools, technologies, and diagnostic measures to achieve optimal results while minimizing effort. The proposed model follows an algorithm with key stages: identifying grammatical phenomena, analyzing their similarities and differences across languages, predicting difficulties, interpreting grammatical functions, systematizing knowledge, applying grammar in communication, and evaluating the effectiveness of learning outcomes. These tools are supplemented with a system of exercises and real-life communication tasks to address common and distinctive grammatical challenges. Experimental testing demonstrated that students significantly improved their practical mastery of German grammar. The study highlights the importance of psychological and pedagogical conditions, including the sequence of learning stages, rationalization tools, and real-life tasks, to support the learning process.

DNIPRO WOMEN’S PERIODICAL “ROBITNYTSIA I DOMASHNIA HOSPODYNIA” (1926–1928) AS A GUIDE TO THE WORLD OF NEP FASHION

Khrystyna Astaptseva — 2025-04-01

Abstract. The present article examines publications devoted to fashion and clothing production featured in the supplement to the Dnipropetrovsk-based newspaper Zoria–Robitnytsia i Domashnia Hospodynia–between 1926 and 1928. The publications not only rendered global fashion trends adapted to the constraints of the totalitarian regime but also provided practical guidance for women on tailoring, sewing, and garment care. Additionally, the periodical covered the state of the sewing industry in the Dnipropetrovsk region and the development of clothing design education within the broader discourse of Ukrainization and modernization. The analysis of the publications demonstrates that fashion was not merely a matter of style but also functioned as an instrument of ideological and cultural transformation for women in Soviet Ukrainian society. Articles on fashion trends, clothing production, garment care, and the development of the sewing industry, involving discussions on women’s emancipation, reflect the socio-economic transformations of the Soviet period. These transformations were influenced by European capitalist democratic values during the Ukrainization of the 1920s. The role of fashion journalism in shaping the national consciousness of Ukrainian women in the 1920s and its connection to global trends holds particular significance for reinterpreting Ukraine’s cultural heritage.

ELEMENTS OF INTERTEXTUALITY IN MEDIA NARRATIVES

Ievgeniia Kyianytsia — 2025-04-01

Abstract. The article examines the role of intertextuality in media narratives, with a particular focus on key elements such as reminiscence, allusion, paraphrase, collage, and hypertext, which facilitate the creation of multilayered messages capable of integrating media content into broader cultural and social contexts. A significant component of the study is the analysis of citations, regarded as one of the main tools for strengthening narratives by referencing authoritative sources, including classical literary works, political figures, and musical compositions. These references, in turn, lend additional weight and credibility to media messages. This approach underscores the importance of citations for the flexibility of media narratives, enabling them to adapt swiftly to changes in socio-political environments. Furthermore, special attention is given to how other elements of intertextuality, such as allusions and collage, contribute to the formation of new semantic connections that enrich media messages and enhance their versatility. This study highlights the significance of these tools in fostering cultural processes and civic consciousness in the modern information age, emphasizing the high social relevance of the topic in the context of contemporary media practices.

BUKTOK AS A PR TOOL: CONTENT APPROACHES OF VIVAT PUBLISHING HOUSE

Oleksandr Manzyk — 2025-04-01

Abstract. The article examines the role of TikTok, in particular the BookTok platform, as an important PR tool for modern Ukrainian publishing houses, with an emphasis on the activities of Vivat Publishing House. The features of the content approaches used by the publishing house to promote its books among users of this platform are analyzed. It is determined that TikTok, due to its popularity among the youth audience, is becoming a powerful channel for creating the image of the publishing house, attracting new readers, and shaping trends in the book industry. Particular attention is paid to video content that uses the emotional factor to attract attention to publications, such as book reviews or subscriber surveys. The role of interactive elements that help strengthen interaction with the audience and increase reach is also considered. The study examines the impact of cooperation with book bloggers and influencers who actively work on the platform, as well as the importance of such partnerships for shaping the image of the publishing house. In addition, the effectiveness of using specific trends that can significantly increase the visibility of Vivat publishing house content among BookTok users is analyzed. The article emphasizes the importance of adapting traditional PR methods to modern digital realities. The results of the study allow us to draw conclusions about the effectiveness of BookTok as a tool for popularizing literature and improving the image of Ukrainian publishing houses in the international arena.

EUROPEAN RATIONALITY: THE FOUNDATION OF CIVIL SOCIETY

Alina Bilous — 2025-04-01

Abstract. The issue of ethical aspects of civil society has gained considerable attention in academic circles over the past two decades. A lot of studies on this topic have been created by philosophers, sociologists, and experts in the field of political and legal thought. However, despite the considerable scientific achievements, theoretical debates on the definition and theoretical foundations of the concept of civil society continue, as reflections on this topic remain extremely controversial. The article emphasizes that against the background of significant contradictions between postmaterial and material values, European countries have been increasingly aware of the importance of mental and intellectual activity for the social structure of a person and ensuring a decent standard of living. The idea of creating a rational secular civil society, or social rationality, which involves organizing social life in accordance with the requirements of reason, is once again becoming relevant at a new level. One of the main achievements of twentieth-century philosophy was the recognition that rationality is the basis for activity in general, as well as for civic engagement in particular. The analysis of the literature shows that the study of civil society is methodologically linked to the development of political rationality in Western societies. The aspects of the formation of the power of reason in the European social context are considered in detail.

THE PHENOMENON OF BUDDHIST POSTMODERNISM: ADAPTATION OF THE TRADITIONAL TO GLOBAL CONDITIONS

Ihor Kolesnyk — 2025-04-01

Abstract. The author explores the phenomenon of Buddhist postmodernism due to the adaptation of traditional Buddhist teachings, ideas, and practices to modern global conditions. The article analyzes the key ideas of modernism and postmodernism, which form a specific coordinate system and create an intellectual background for Buddhist transformations. Special attention is paid to the concepts of postmodern philosophers who critically assess blind faith in progress, economic innovations, and political institutions. Postmodernism, in turn, is considered a critical paradigm that influences the rethinking of Buddhism in a globalized world. The article analyzes new interpretations of Buddhism emerging under the influence of postmodern ideas: deconstruction of traditional doctrines, emphasis on subjectivity, intercultural dialogue, and integration of modern scientific knowledge. Finally, examples of these changes in Western Buddhism are given, particularly in popular meditation practices and ethical approaches. The article offers a theoretical framework for understanding Buddhist postmodernism as a multidimensional phenomenon.

CURRENT AXIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF CIVIC COMPETENCE AMONG HIGHER EDUCATION STUDENTS IN THE CONTEXT OF WAR IN UKRAINE

Anna Nabokova — 2025-04-01

Abstract. The paper focuses on the relevant axiological features of the development of civic competence among higher education graduates during the current stage of Ukrainian civil society creation in the context of conflict. The analysis of a wide range of scientific and educational sources based on socio-philosophical, sociopsychological, and sociological and interdisciplinary approaches, using general scientific methods, revealed that the development of civic competence of education seekers is implemented in the actualization of the principles of civic cohesion, shared values, and degree of identification with Ukrainian society. It has been demonstrated that the development of educational programs that include the philosophical and ethical aspects of war, as well as the creation of innovative teaching methods aimed at the development of peacemaking skills and strategies that contribute to the cohesion of the Ukrainian community, is relevant for the effective development of civic competence among students of higher education in Ukraine at this time. The justified need for a philosophical understanding of the axiological dimensions of the problem of the development of civic competence of Ukrainian higher education graduates in times of war on the basis of the holistic paradigm of cognition and the implementation of axiological determinants in the educational process of civic education of education seekers in the course systematic scientific support.

MOBILE LESSONS LEARNED TEAMS IN THE ARMED FORCES OF UKRAINE: ADAPTATIONS AND INNOVATIONS IN THE WAR (2014–2024)

Yuriy Pashchuk — 2025-04-01

Abstract. The paper examines the employment of mobile lessons learned teams within the Armed Forces of Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War (2014–2024). These squads served as integral components of two successive learning systems and evolved through two phases: Formation (2014–2018) and Modernization (2019–present). The article explores the establishment of these groups and the development of their operational methodologies. It analyzes the specific roles these teams have played in learning processes, emphasizing their pioneering contributions to enhancing the lessons learned capability. Notably, these squads have been instrumental in ensuring the timely and high-quality analysis of critical combat experiences. Historical research of various categories of mobile lessons learned teams in the UAF and leading global militaries has been conducted, highlighting innovative approaches of the Ukrainian squads. The study proposes a classification of these groups based on their functional purposes, identifying three types: Collect and analyse observations; Supervise and assist in lessons implementation; and Monitor and evaluate the learning process. The findings include recommendations for improving the operational efficiency of these teams.