Economics & Education

PERSPECTIVES АND POSSIBILITIES ОF USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE DURING AUTOGENIC TRAINING FOR PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL STATE CORRECTION

2024-04-23T06:38:47+00:00

The article explores the development of autogenic training for the correction of psychophysical states using artificial intelligence tools. The research aims to organise the application areas of artificial intelligence for diagnosis and correction of psychophysical states through autogenic training. The results indicate that autogenic training is an important approach in the spectrum of treatment methods for psychophysical disorders, with its main advantages being the flexibility of the technique and its ability to induce relaxation and psychophysiological self-regulation through passive concentration and repetition of specific phrases. The analysis shows that while the practice is stable and consists of sequential procedures, it can be adapted to different techniques and needs. Here, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) can significantly improve the personalisation of the treatment process and its effectiveness. The application of AI in the context of autogenic training opens up new perspectives for the diagnosis and treatment of psychophysical disorders. AI can optimise psychotherapeutic interventions by adapting training sessions to the individual needs of the user, thereby achieving better results in relaxation and psychophysical recovery. A distinctive feature of AI is also its ability to provide detailed feedback and track user progress, contributing to more effective adjustment and improvement of the training process. The integration of AI with virtual and augmented reality technologies can further enhance the autogenic training experience, creating a more immersive and controlled environment for relaxation. The development of digital tools and mobile applications based on AI has already demonstrated its positive impact on the psychophysical health of users, paving the way for more innovative and effective solutions in the future. Thus, the use of AI in autogenic training for the correction of psychophysiological states promises significant prospects for improving the quality of life and well-being of individuals.

PEER-TO-PEER AUDIO STREAMING USING THE TOR NETWORK: PROBLEMS, OPPORTUNITIES AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS

2024-04-23T06:38:47+00:00

This article analyses the potential and challenges associated with the implementation of audio streaming in the anonymous Tor network and the use of peer-to-peer (P2P) technologies. The main focus is on discussing the technical and conceptual issues that arise when integrating audio streaming services with the Tor network, including delays, limited bandwidth and other limitations that affect audio quality. The aim of the study is to find practical solutions to the problem of anonymous audio streaming using Tor technologies or other means to preserve anonymity. By analysing different approaches and tools, it becomes apparent that peer-to-peer broadcasting offers a flexible solution that allows audio to be transmitted over P2P networks, reducing the load on individual nodes and optimising bandwidth usage. This solution offers opportunities for scalability, fault tolerance, bandwidth optimisation and latency reduction, making it an attractive option for audio streaming setups. Meanwhile, the Utopia ecosystem, with its decentralised structure and high level of privacy protection, is another potential solution. Not only does it allow bypassing censorship and firewalls, but it also ensures anonymity in communication and data exchange. With its built-in audio and video communication tools, as well as the ability to create private channels and share files, Utopia can become a reliable platform for streaming audio. Thus, based on the analysis, the solution to the problem of anonymous audio streaming may lie in the integration of technologies such as Peercasting and Utopia, which provide not only the technical capability for streaming, but also a high level of privacy protection for users. It is also important to consider the flexibility of these solutions and the ability to adapt to the specifics of anonymous networks and user requirements. The practical significance of the study of audio streaming over Tor using P2P technologies is to develop methods to increase the anonymity and security of audio communications, which is critical in the face of growing threats to privacy on the Internet. This allows to overcome censorship and Internet restrictions in repressive regimes, providing users with freedom of thought and access to information.

STATE REGULATION OF THE ICT SECTOR IN UKRAINE IN THE CONTEXT OF TECHNOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE ECONOMY

2024-04-23T06:38:47+00:00

The paper deals with the understanding of government strategies for regulating the ICT industry. The purpose of the study is to rationalise the directions of government regulation of the ICT industry in Ukraine in the context of technological transformation of the economy. Using the methodology of descriptive statistics, the authors revealed the rapid growth of the number of employees in the ICT industry in Ukraine. The authors conclude that, from the point of view of state regulation, given the fact that employment has proved to be the main factor in the success of exports, it is necessary to prevent the outflow of labour from Ukraine. This is confirmed by the competitive advantages gained by Ukrainian ICT workers in the global market, namely: price – the cost of Ukrainian coders' services is close to the prices of Indian coders and seven times less than the cost of coders' services in the US; diversity and high quality of technological competencies that allow flexible implementation of high-level ICT projects; its own research and development base, as well as materials and technologies for the implementation of complex knowledge-intensive projects, flexibility in the use and distribution of necessary resources; cultural and geographical proximity to Europe. Based on this, strategies for interaction between the state and the ICT sector are being developed. First, the state needs to create favourable conditions for the sustainable development of the industry, including reforming legal norms, improving investment policy, modernising labour legislation, strengthening the protection of intellectual property rights, and ensuring the return of labour from abroad. Second, to create comfortable conditions to reduce the outflow of intellectual resources abroad and strengthen Ukraine as a brand in the IT sector in the eyes of the international community. The main strategies for the formation of mechanisms for state support of information services are as follows: the emergence of a modern IT infrastructure accessible to all, improving the quality of information services; a strategy for creating a regulatory framework for the effective use of the network economy; a strategy for creating state indicators of the development of the network economy; a strategy for creating information security in network systems.

ANALYSIS OF SHIPPING FINANCING SOURCES IN THE CONTEXT OF UNCERTAINTY

2024-04-23T06:38:47+00:00

The article is aimed at identifying the peculiarities of financing shipping under conditions of uncertainty and analysing the sources of financing of shipping companies. Methodology. This study is based on the analysis of trends in the socio-economic, military-political and environmental situation, which cause global uncertainty and limit the ability of shipping companies to obtain external financing. The article compares the Petrofin Global Ship Finance Index with the dynamics of seaborne trade volumes for the period from 2008 to 2022, determines the correlation coefficient of these indicators and identifies the leaders among the banks-creditors of the shipping industry in terms of the volume of shipping loans in the loan portfolio. Results. The study shows a direct correlation between the shortage of shipping financing and the three main forms of global uncertainty. The results of comparing the Petrofin index with the growing dynamics of seaborne trade indicate a decrease in the role of banks and an increase in the role of alternative sources to cover the shortfall in shipping financing, such as raising resources from capital markets, financial and leasing companies, private equity funds, private equity and venture capital investments, investment platforms, hedge funds, state capital, and capital from international organisations. The main reasons for the change in the structure of shipping companies' funding sources are the conservative lending policy of banks in the crisis, tighter regulation, higher interest rates, lending only to borrowers with a positive credit history, and increased loan collateral requirements. Instead, the advantages of alternative sources of financing are flexibility, speed, less regulation compared to banks, the ability to provide large volumes, new types and forms of financing, and more competitive rates. Practical implications. The volatile external environment complicates the process of finding financing for shipping companies, which directly affects fleet renewal, the increase in the cost of ship construction and refurbishment, and the digital and environmental modernisation of shipping. Therefore, shipping companies should diversify their sources of financial resources, have a margin of safety in equity, and redistribute their borrowing portfolio between bank loans and alternative forms of financing. Value/Originality. The analysis of traditional and alternative sources of financing for shipping in the context of macroeconomic instability allows to identify key trends in investment policy towards shipping companies, to identify the specific needs of shipping companies in the face of various forms of global uncertainty and to outline the features of the most common sources of financing.

PRINCIPLES OF OPEN SCIENCE IN THE ACTIVITIES OF A TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

2024-04-23T06:38:47+00:00

The purpose of the article is to analyse and present the use of Open Science principles and their implementation in the activities of Lutsk National Technical University. Methodology. The main provisions of the Open Science concept and their implementation in European and Ukrainian official documents are analysed. It has been found that at Lutsk National Technical University (LNTU) the principles of Open Science are implemented in three main areas: in the educational process; in research activities; in informal promotion among students and other stakeholders. As a result, the authors found that participation in international projects, in particular ERASMUS+, causes changes in educational and scientific activities towards the creation of a fair and competitive educational space. New disciplines, such as Open Scientific Foundations and Information Management Practice, have been introduced into the educational process of masters and postgraduate students. The implementation of the policy of openness of scientific research is mainly limited to open publications in scientific journals and public discussion of research results at conferences and seminars. Informal trainings on academic integrity and Open Science involving students and teachers help to promote the principles of Open Science. The effectiveness of the training for LNTU students has been experimentally established. After the training, most students understood the basic principles of Open Science and were able to give examples of their use at LNTU, but they are not yet ready to apply them in their first scientific or academic achievements. Practical implications. These examples of implementation of Open Science principles in educational and scientific activities of LNTU illustrate an important vector of development of the technical university towards joining the European higher education area. At the same time, the authors came to the conclusion that it is necessary to conduct a broad information campaign among research and teaching staff for their further implementation.

PROJECT-BASED LEARNING: THEORETICAL OVERVIEW AND PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS FOR LOCAL INNOVATION-BASED DEVELOPMENT

2024-04-23T06:38:46+00:00

The aim of this paper is to summarise and present the main features of project-based learning (PjBL) within innovation-based development. Methodology. The methodology of this study involves the use of PjBL as an educational and technology transfer tool. In an educational context, it uses a structured approach where students identify real-world problems, conduct research, develop projects, collaborate on their implementation, and reflect on their experiences to deepen learning and develop critical thinking. PjBL application scenarios cover a variety of disciplines, including STEM education, social sciences, business and humanities, enabling students to apply knowledge and skills to solve real-world problems. In the field of technology transfer, a similar PjBL principle is applied to facilitate the transfer of research innovations for practical application. This involves collaborative partnerships, technology assessment, prototyping, market validation, licensing or commercialisation, fostering innovation and translating research into tangible societal benefits. This study aims to demonstrate the effectiveness and versatility of PjBL as a transformational methodology in both the educational and technology transfer contexts. Practical implications. PjBL encourages active, experiential learning where participants interact directly with real-world problems. This hands-on approach fosters a deeper understanding of concepts and encourages innovation by allowing participants to apply theoretical knowledge in practical scenarios. PjBL can have a long-term impact on innovation by fostering a mindset of lifelong learning and continuous improvement. The skills and experiences gained through PjBL can help people become innovative thinkers and problem solvers who will contribute to positive change in their industries and local communities. Value/Originality. It is substantiated that PjBL allows participants to immerse themselves in real problems or scenarios relevant to technology transfer. By working on projects that simulate the challenges faced in the transfer process, participants gain a deeper understanding of the complexities and develop practical skills that can be directly applied in technology transfer activities.

REENGINEERING THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS ON A DUAL BASIS

2024-04-23T06:38:46+00:00

The purpose of the paper is to present the authors' conclusions and practical recommendations regarding the restructuring of the educational process of higher education institutions – providers of educational services in partnership with specialised companies. Methodology. The following methods were used: structural-functional method – in the study of the internal structure of the educational process, based on the principles of duality, where each component has a corresponding purpose in the value chain of intellectual capital; graphical modelling – to systematically reflect the author's views on relevant aspects of the research. Results. The sequence of the reengineering cycle and the directions it should take have been defined. It is emphasised that reengineering includes the competences acquired by the recipients of educational services, their communication with teachers, curators from the company, teaching methods and technologies that make up the instrumental mix, the structure of which depends on the mix of expected professional competences. Practical implications. It is emphasised that an applicant should have the right to make an independent choice between the forms of education, taking into account his/her economic circumstances and plans for future professional life in a democratic country. For each of the options, guidelines are proposed for completing the standard number of classroom hours, independent work and other forms of academic activity.