Economics & Education

THE NEED OF PRODUCING OF PROFESSIONAL CODE OF ETHICS FOR GUIDES IN LITHUANIA

Daiva Statkuvienė — 2024-10-31

Research problem: Ethical issues is not a much studied topic in the field of guides' professional activity. Lithuanian guides do not have an established Professional Code of Ethics for Guides. The topic of Guide Ethics depends on the personal responsibility of a guide. What ethical principles and values should guide the Guide in professional activities? How can guides agree on unified ethical requirements for professional activity? Research object: the Need of Producing of Professional Code of Ethics for Guides in Lithuania. Research aim: to analyse the Need of Producing of Professional Code of Ethics for Guides in Lithuania. Research methods: analysis of scientific literature and documents, qualitative research – interviews, quantitative research – survey, systematization of databases. Conclusions. It is important to have a Code of Ethics for every organisation striving for effective communication. In addition to other knowledge, a Guide must know professional ethics, represent the country professionally and responsibly. The results of quantitative and qualitative research substantiate the Need of Producing for a Professional Code of Ethics for Guides in Lithuania. The quality of services provided by the tour guide, impeccable preparation and conduct of the tour, the visual image of the tour leader, and cultural behaviour are important for those who book tours. Most of the guides who took part in the study are in favour of Producing the Professional Code of Ethics for Guides in Lithuania. Based on the results of the conducted research, the main ethical principles of the guide's professional activity were highlighted. It is recommended to organize trainings for guides on the topic of professional ethics, to prepare a draft of Professional Code of Ethics for Guides and to present the draft of the Professional Code of Ethics for Guides to Lithuanian guides; to initiate Producing and Implementation of the Professional Code of Ethics for Guides in Lithuanian guide associations.

ENHANCING THE PRACTICAL LEARNING OF ENGLISH: APPLYING BLOOM'S TAXONOMY TO THE ESP CURRICULUM FOR STUDENTS OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

Nataliia Doronina — 2024-10-31

Introduction. In light of the growing importance of international relations and IT careers, it is imperative that university students possess proficiency in at least one foreign language. Notwithstanding the evident necessity of language proficiency in this field, efficacious methodologies for the design of practical foreign language curricula for IT students remain underdeveloped. The objective of this study is to examine the potential benefits of applying Bloom's taxonomy to improve the effectiveness of planning practical English for Specific Purposes (ESP) classes for Information Technology (IT) students in higher education. The aim is to enhance students' capacity for higher-order thinking skills. A comprehensive analysis of contemporary research on lesson planning methodologies revealed a number of advantages, including the ability of the educator to maximise the use of class time, to increase students' motivation and involvement in the learning process, to stimulate interest, to encourage critical thinking and analysis, and so forth. Methodology. In the course of this research, methods of a mixed type were employed, combining qualitative and quantitative approaches. This was done in accordance with the theoretical experience of well-known scientists in the field of pedagogy. The following instruments were employed: project work (either individual or group), observation of the learning process, and analysis of learning outcomes. Results. Bloom's taxonomy provides a structured methodology for the formulation of transparent learning objectives, thereby ensuring that students are able to comprehend the anticipated outcomes. By incorporating a variety of cognitive levels, educators can design engaging activities that accommodate diverse learning styles. Furthermore, aligning questioning and feedback with the aforementioned taxonomy levels provides students with explicit guidance on their progress in mastering specific skills and knowledge. Conclusion. This study demonstrates how Bloom's taxonomy can be used to create engaging and effective ESP lessons tailored to the needs of IT students. By effectively integrating Bloom's taxonomy into lesson planning, ESP educators can empower IT students to become proficient language users and critical thinkers. A student-centred approach to teaching that takes into account the individual characteristics of IT students has proven to be effective.

APPLICATION OF EUROPEAN CORPORATE GOVERNANCE PRINCIPLES IN THE PLANNING ACTIVITIES OF POST-WAR UKRAINE'S MULTI-LEVEL CONSUMER CO-OPERATION SYSTEM

Stepan Koshkarov — 2024-10-31

The Association Agreement between Ukraine and the EU requires Ukraine to consider the adoption of a European model of corporate governance. The EU has a wealth of experience in the effective management of consumer co-operation, which can inform the development of best practices for Ukraine. The subject of the study is the adaptation and substantiation of the current specifics of the application of European principles of corporate governance in the process of planning the activities of a multi-level system of consumer co-operation in Ukraine. This study employs a range of general scientific methods, including modelling, economic analysis, forecasting, a system approach and synthesis. These methods have been used to develop generalisations and conclusions related to the object of research as a whole, namely the multi-level and multi-sectoral system of consumer co-operation in Ukraine. The objective of this study is to justify the implementation of European principles, mechanisms and tools of corporate governance, based on a comprehensive analysis, with the aim of optimising the planning processes and the development of a multi-level system of consumer co-operation in Ukraine. The fundamental characteristics of co-operative systems have been elucidated, and the principal distinctions between them and corporations have been identified. The functions of the corporate governance system are examined and a conclusion is reached regarding their alignment with the responsibilities and principles of consumer co-operation. The factors that contributed to the success of the development of the consumer co-operation trade sphere in the Soviet period are identified. This study considers the information base for planning the retail turnover of consumer co-operatives in the context of a planned economy. It identifies the main shortcomings and weaknesses of this approach. The principal indicators of activity for consumer co-operatives in Ukraine are examined in the context of their statutory mission. In light of the application of the substitution method, potential indicators of trade turnover for consumer co-operatives, contingent upon collaboration up to the level of 1990, are modelled. It can be concluded that the system of consumer co-operation has not yet fully adapted to the new economic conditions, new legislation and processes of increasing competition in the market, despite the transition to a market economy. In light of the aforementioned circumstances, it is imperative to implement European principles of corporate governance and contemporary international principles governing the advancement of the co-operative movement within the framework of consumer co-operation. The principles of corporate governance, developed by such international organisations as the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the European Confederation of Shareholder Associations, and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, have been subjected to detailed analysis. The evolution of the corporate governance system has been delineated with respect to the consumer co-operation. This trend coincides with the imperative necessity for the consumer co-operation of Ukraine to reform its planned system, which represents a key component of its commitment to more effective management. The necessity for additional harmonisation of Ukrainian co-operative legislation with European legislation has been established. The composition of the information base for the development of indicators of the plan of retail turnover of the consumer society in the modern context is justified. The article's primary conclusions are that the negative trends and the quantitative and qualitative indicators of consumer co-operatives in Ukraine can be halted and improved through the implementation and advancement of institutional co-operative advantages, which are codified by legislation and validated by both domestic and European experience. Consequently, members of consumer societies and potential shareholders must be regarded as a central object and subject of planning, regulation, operational activities and the development of consumer co-operatives. In the context of the implementation of the decentralisation policy in Ukraine, in order to optimise the relations between co-operative enterprises and organisations at the horizontal and vertical levels, it is necessary to plan the development of the co-operative system as a component of regional development. The use of IT technologies will allow automating all operational processes, using the full range of planning forms and methods, and at the same time preserving the scientifically sound principles of consumer co-operation development as a system with the possibility of medium- and long-term planning.

SCIENTIFIC AND METHODOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CONCEPT OF ENSURING SOCIO-ECONOMIC SECURITY OF ENTERPRISES IN THE CONDITIONS OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT

Аlla Cherep — 2024-10-31

The article is aimed at defining and disclosing the scientific and methodological foundations for implementing the concept of ensuring socio-economic security of enterprises in the context of innovative development. The subject of the research in the article is the scientific and methodological principles of ensuring socio-economic security of enterprises in the context of innovative development. To achieve this goal, the following theoretical methods were used: analysis of the source base, comparison, systematisation and generalisation. The category of innovative enterprise development and socio-economic security has been identified. A number of indicators may be employed to evaluate the extent of social and economic security enjoyed by an enterprise. These may be classified according to their financial, social, innovative, operational or environmental impact. This paper considers the distinctive characteristics and principal consequences of the impact of innovative development on the social and economic security of enterprises. It has been established that the scientific and methodological principles of social and economic security comprise a set of theoretical and practical tools, methods and approaches that facilitate the identification, assessment and management of risks associated with innovative activities. In the context of outlining the scientific and methodological foundations, a number of principles for developing a system of socio-economic security for the enterprise were identified and expanded upon, and a list of scientific approaches for studying and providing socio-economic security for the enterprise was provided. The importance of a systemic approach in ensuring the socio-economic security of the enterprise in the context of its innovative development is demonstrated. It is determined that the methodological principles include the development and implementation of a system of indicators for assessing the level of socio-economic security, analysis of risks associated with innovation activities. The components of methodological support for the system of socio-economic security are proposed: monitoring, evaluation, risk management. The conclusions of the study are that the innovative development of enterprises determines the competitiveness and long-term sustainability of business. The socio-economic security of an enterprise can be defined as a dynamic state of stable functioning and development in the presence of external and internal threats. This encompasses the protection of the enterprise's economic interests, the assurance of financial stability, risk management, the optimisation of resource utilisation and the enhancement of production efficiency. The concept of the relevant scientific and methodological principles can be developed on the basis of the principal approaches to the study of the socio-economic security of the enterprise, as well as the principal principles of its development, which are presented in the article.

STATE REGULATION OF REINSURANCE ACTIVITIES IN UKRAINE DURING THE WAR

Viktoriia Shkurko — 2024-10-31

This paper examines the evolution of state regulation of reinsurance activities in Ukraine in the period 2022-2024, with a particular focus on the impact of the ongoing conflict with Russia. This paper examines the manner in which the regulatory framework has been adapted to the distinctive challenges posed by the war in order to stabilise the insurance market and ensure effective risk management. The objective of this study is to analyse the regulatory measures and their implications for the insurance and reinsurance sectors, with a particular focus on the changes implemented, their practical results and the broader implications for market stability. The primary objective of this paper is to undertake a comprehensive analysis and evaluation of the alterations in state-level regulation of reinsurance in Ukraine between the years 2022 and 2024. The objective is to identify the regulatory changes implemented to address the distinctive challenges posed by wartime conditions, evaluate their impact on the reinsurance industry, and discuss the broader economic implications. The study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the manner in which the regulatory framework has been adjusted in order to maintain industry stability and ensure effective risk management in an unstable environment. Methodology. This study employs a qualitative research methodology, utilising a combination of document analysis and expert interviews. The data was gathered from regulatory reports, policy documents, and statements issued by the National Bank of Ukraine and other pertinent authorities. The analysis is centred on a detailed examination of the key regulatory adjustments, the market responses to these changes, and the practical implications of these modifications. Results. The analysis revealed several significant changes in the reinsurance regulation in Ukraine during the reporting period: 1) strengthening of regulatory supervision; 2) revision of coverage requirements; 3) state and international financial support measures and co-operation with international reinsurers to stabilise the market and manage increased risks. The regulatory changes have had several practical implications for the reinsurance sector: increased financial stability through stronger solvency and capital requirements has improved the financial strength of insurers and reinsurers, helping them to manage the increased risks associated with the conflict. Value / Originality. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the regulatory adaptations in Ukraine's reinsurance sector during a period of significant political and economic upheaval. The paper offers valuable insights into the effective adjustment of state regulation in response to extraordinary circumstances, thereby contributing to the broader understanding of risk management in conflict-affected regions. The study is of particular relevance in the context of the prevailing geopolitical circumstances and the necessity to comprehend the manner in which extreme circumstances affect financial regulations. The study addresses a gap in the existing literature on crisis management in the financial sector, with a particular focus on the context of war. The originality of this study lies in its focus on the intersection of war and regulatory adaptation, a topic that has been largely overlooked in the existing literature. By analysing the regulatory responses and their outcomes, the paper makes a contribution to the development of strategies for effective crisis management in the financial and insurance sectors.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATIVE DIGITAL ENTERPRISES IN THE ERA OF TRANSFORMATIONAL ECONOMIC CHANGES

Andrii Vakulenko — 2024-10-31

The objective of this article is to examine the role of digital transformation processes in enhancing competitive advantages and accelerating economic growth. The objective is to demonstrate how the utilisation of digital technologies and the fulfilment of external environment requirements facilitate the innovation of products and services. The methodology entails an examination of the concept of digital transformation within the context of Ukraine's economy. This encompasses an investigation of the integration of production and distribution factors, an evaluation of the potential of digital enterprises, and the formulation of a model for the transformation of enterprises into innovative business entities. The findings indicate that digital transformation is a crucial factor in attaining competitive advantages and stimulating economic growth. The study identifies digital enterprises, equipped with end-to-end digital technologies and services, as a crucial factor in the implementation of effective digital changes. Furthermore, it offers a model for the transformation of traditional businesses into digital enterprises. The practical implications of this study are that businesses must address the barriers to digital change in order to achieve qualitative transformations. The findings indicate that the systematic overcoming of these barriers can facilitate successful digital transformations, which can enhance business performance and innovation. The article's value lies in its contribution to the understanding of how digital transformation can be integrated into business operations in a systematic manner, with a view to fostering innovation and growth. The study's originality lies in its proposal of a model for enterprise transformation and its identification of key barriers and strategies for effective digital change, tailored specifically to the Ukrainian economic context.