Economics and Education

STANDARDIZATION OF INFORMAL LABOR OPERATIONS: TRANSFORMING MOVING CREWS INTO STRUCTURED SERVICE UNITS

Vitalii Lutsyk — 2026-06-30

Moving and relocation is a global industry valued at over 80 billion dollars annually, yet it operates with fewer standardized procedures than virtually any other service sector of comparable size. Manufacturing adopted process maturity models in the 1980s, healthcare followed in the 2000s, and information technology built an entire discipline around service management frameworks. Moving companies, by contrast, remain largely informal: crews receive verbal instructions, quality depends on individual experience, and performance data are rarely collected in any systematic way. This paper proposes the Standardization Maturity Model for Informal Service Operations (SMM-ISO), a four-stage framework (Ad Hoc, Documented, Managed, Optimized) that describes how a moving company progresses from unwritten practices to data-driven service delivery. SMM-ISO was developed and tested through a 12-month longitudinal case study at Easy Moving LLC, a mid-size carrier based in Boston, Massachusetts, where three successive interventions were implemented between March 2024 and February 2025. Integrated performance data show improvements across all tracked indicators: on-time completion went from 81% to 94%, damage claims fell by roughly a third, crew-level resolution of on-site deviations rose from 38% to 67%, and client complaints tied to field operations dropped by 41%. These changes coincided with the interventions but cannot be attributed to them with certainty, given the single-site design. Later interventions depended on the documentation and measurement infrastructure that earlier ones had put in place, which means the order matters. SMM-ISO offers small carriers a workable path toward formalized operations that does not require enterprise-level technology.

ENSURING THE ECONOMIC SECURITY OF ENTERPRISES IN CONDITIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL INSTABILITY

Ivan Marchenko — 2026-06-30

The purpose of the article is to study the peculiarities of ensuring the economic security of enterprises in conditions of environmental instability. Methodology. The methodological basis of the research is a set of general scientific and specialized methods of scientific knowledge, which enabled a comprehensive investigation of the peculiarities of ensuring the economic security of enterprises in an unstable environment. In the research process, the methods of theoretical generalization and systematization of – were used to clarify the essence of the economic security of the enterprise; analysis and synthesis of – to study the main risks, threats and determinants of ensuring economic security; systematic approach – to consider economic security as a complex multi-component system; the method of logical generalization – to form conclusions about the role of adaptive management, resource provision and digitalization in strengthening the economic security of enterprises. Results. As a result of the study, the main risks and threats affecting the provision of economic security for enterprises in conditions of an unstable environment, including military, financial and economic, logistics, personnel, information, and cyber risks, were identified. The key determinants of enterprise economic security are outlined, and the roles of resource provision, adaptive management, and digital technologies in enhancing the stability and competitiveness of economic entities are substantiated. It has been established that the effective provision of economic security for enterprises requires a comprehensive combination of strategic planning, systematic risk monitoring, digitalization of business processes, and the implementation of modern management mechanisms in conditions of dynamic economic transformations. Practical implications. The practical significance of the obtained results lies in the possibility of applying the proposed approaches and generalizations in the development of a system to ensure the economic security of enterprises in an unstable environment. The adaptive management mechanisms outlined in the study, approaches to risk management, resource provision, and digitalization can be used by business entities to increase the level of financial stability, minimize the impact of external and internal threats, ensure business continuity, and strengthen the competitive position of the enterprise in the conditions of modern economic transformations. Value / originality. The scientific novelty of the study consists of a comprehensive approach to ensuring the economic security of enterprises in conditions of an unstable environment, taking into account modern military, economic, logistics, information, and digital challenges.

A MULTI-DIMENSIONAL COMPOSITE RESILIENCE INDEX FOR UKRAINIAN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION UNDER CONFLICT CONDITIONS

Volodymyr Momot — 2026-06-30

This paper constructs, empirically identifies, and longitudinally validates a Multi-Dimensional Composite Resilience Index (MCRI) for Ukrainian public administration institutions using seven internationally recognised governance datasets spanning 2015-2024. The work is conducted within the framework of the LEEPS project, a UK-Ukraine-Latvia research partnership. The MCRI integrates indicators from the World Bank Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI), Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI), Freedom House Nations in Transit, the UN E-Government Development Index (EGDI), SIGMA/OECD monitoring reports, and the INFORM Risk Index into a unified composite score through a mathematically rigorous hybrid weighting scheme. Objective weights are derived via Principal Component Analysis (PCA) applied to the longitudinal indicator matrix; subjective weights are elicited from Ukrainian public administration experts through the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP); the two weight sets are combined through a convex mixing procedure with parameter μ* identified by minimising prediction error against European Commission Ukraine Progress Report scores used as an external validation benchmark. Non-linear interactions between governance dimensions are captured through an OLS-identified interaction term. Shapley value decomposition provides fair attribution of MCRI changes to individual governance dimensions across three identified phases: gradual pre-war recovery (2015–2021), acute conflict shock (2022), and partial recovery (2023–2024). The conflict shock reduced the MCRI by approximately 34% from its 2021 pre-war peak. External validation against the Bertelsmann Transformation Index confirms the model’s empirical robustness (r=0,91; p<0,01).

JUSTIFICATION FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE GASTROBAR CONCEPT IN BREWPUB OPERATIONS

Yurii Tkachuk — 2026-06-30

The purpose of the article is to substantiate the managerial and economic feasibility of implementing a gastrobar concept in a brewery pub and to develop a practical transformation model for Beermaster Brewery Pub in Kyiv. The study responds to a market situation in which Ukrainian bars and pubs operate under inflationary pressure, lower footfall, labour shortages, and periodic power outages, while guests expect a fuller gastronomic experience rather than a beverage-only visit. The methodology combines a single-case study, menu content analysis, functional assessment of the kitchen’s material and technical base, workflow mapping, and scenario-based payback calculations. The empirical base includes the authors’ audit of Beermaster Brewery Pub’s concept, menu, kitchen equipment, and sales logic, supplemented by current industry publications and market data. The article identifies five operational constraints of the existing model: a non-through location within the mall, a beer-led menu architecture, underutilised open-fire equipment, cannibalisation from a separate takeaway beer point, and limited blackout resilience due to the ventilation line. It is argued that an Argentine parrilla-based gastrobar concept is well aligned with the pub’s existing hosper, smoker, and open-kitchen format. The proposed model relies on menu engineering, multi-use meat cuts, curated beer pairings, tasting events, and a targeted investment in autonomous power supply for the ventilation system. The calculated one-time investment equals UAH 123,000, while the expected monthly revenue increase ranges from UAH 25,000 to UAH 40,000. After accounting for monthly tasting-format costs, the payback period is estimated at 5–12 months. The practical value of the study lies in a replicable transformation logic for independent brewery pubs that seek to increase average check, extend guest stay, and strengthen operational resilience without changing their beer identity.

USE OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES IN HUMAN CAPITAL MANAGEMENT: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND

Jelena Tonova — 2026-06-30

The article is devoted to the theoretical justification of the effectiveness, importance, advantages, directions and dangers of introducing the latest digital technologies into human capital management at the enterprise level. The purpose of the work is to generalize the theoretical foundations, systematize the key advantages, and justify ways to increase the effectiveness of introducing the latest technologies into the practice of human capital management of enterprises in modern conditions. To achieve the set goal, the following research methods were used: comparative analysis – to reveal the essence and characteristic features of key concepts; abstract-logical method – to systematize the key advantages of digital technologies in human capital management; monographic method – for in-depth study of individual types of modern personnel technologies, etc. The study showed that a human capital management system based on the latest technologies helps to improve the process of retaining talented employees; optimize labor and organizational management processes; ensure better working conditions for employees; increase labor productivity; save costs and company resources; save time on routine tasks and expand employees' opportunities to focus on more important strategic initiatives; increase employee engagement; better compliance with regulatory and legislativerequirements; ensure business agility; increase employee motivation; expand analytics capabilities; better talent management; reduce staff turnover; reduce administrative process cycles and increase the accuracy and efficiency of all human capital management functions, which all together affect the company's performance. Important results are defining the essence of digital transformation in HCM and highlighting the ethical aspects of this process. Transparency, fairness and accountability are crucial to ensuring the effectiveness of the use of digital technologies in human capital management. In particular, human oversight and intervention are necessary to verify the recommendations and decisions generated by artificial intelligence. Moreover, companies should prioritize employee well-being and ensure that artificial intelligence technologies enhance, rather than replace, human interaction. Overall, digital transformation in HCM can become and is already becoming a powerful lever for improving the effectiveness of human capital management in enterprises

INNOVATIVE MANAGEMENT MODELS IN THE WINDOW BUSINESS: OPTIMIZATION OF PRODUCTION, LOGISTICS, AND INSTALLATION UNDER MARKET GROWTH

Serhii Kovalskyi — 2026-06-30

The rapid growth of the construction industry and high demand for bespoke building solutions have made structural inefficiencies and failures in the context of window manufacturing companies more apparent, particularly the coordination between the production, logistics, and installation processes. To mitigate these challenges, this study devised the Integrated Window Operations Framework (IWOF), a process-oriented management model aimed at improving operational alignment and scalability. This study reinterprets existing research on digital supply chains, logistics optimization, and Industry 4.0 technologies through a lens of system-level integration based on a qualitative analytical methodology through a structured literature synthesis. Analysis indicates the window business is structurally inefficient due to stage fragmentation rather than technological limitations. Logistics is the primary coordinating mechanism, and real-time data visibility is demonstrated to be a required condition for successful integration. This analysis shows that digital technologies can improve performance only when integrated into a unified operating framework, and that scale lies in modular integration rather than enhanced volume generation. IWOF is a theoretical development for practice, broadening the concepts of supply chain integration to encompass process synchronization in construction-linked manufacturing systems. This research helps organizations move towards a faster, more resilient, and sustainable growth model in changing markets.

DATA-DRIVEN SALES MANAGEMENT: THE ROLE OF ANALYTICS IN IMPROVING SALES TEAM PERFORMANCE

Iryna Chaika — 2026-06-30

Organizations across industries have invested substantially in sales analytics infrastructure over the past decade, yet a persistent gap separates adoption rates from realized performance outcomes. Only 45% of sales leaders report high confidence in their own forecasting accuracy, and 77% of sales representatives indicate they lack sufficient time to act on customer insights embedded in their CRM systems. Academic literature has addressed this challenge primarily through two lenses: technical studies focused on algorithmic accuracy of predictive models, and organizational-level research linking analytics capability to firm-level revenue. Neither strand accounts for the intermediate layer where performance actually diverges: the matching between the type of analytics applied and the type of managerial decision being made. The present study examines how analytics tools affect sales team performance across four decision contexts, and proposes a Decision-Tier Matching Framework that maps analytics types to corresponding decision categories. Analysis is based on a systematic review of peer-reviewed literature from 2020 to 2024 and industry research from Gartner, Salesforce, and CRM market tracking organizations. Findings indicate that misalignment between analytics sophistication and decision type is a primary driver of underperformance in data-enabled sales organizations. Study novelty consists in conceptualizing analytics-decision mismatch as a structural, addressable gap rather than a technology or adoption problem, and in providing a classification tool applicable at the level of individual managerial decision-making within sales teams.

HARMONIZED GROWTH OF MANUFACTURING COMPANIES AND THE ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK FOR THEIR MANAGEMENT

Victor Dudnyk — 2026-06-30

The current stage of economic transformation and globalization is characterized by the intensification of competition, rapid technological change, and increasing requirements for the efficiency and sustainability of industrial enterprises. Ukrainian manufacturing enterprises are gradually adapting to European standards of economic activity, which requires the modernization of management systems, improvement of production processes, and enhancement of analytical support mechanisms. Under such conditions, balanced development becomes one of the key priorities of industrial enterprises, as it ensures the effective combination of economic, organizational, technological, financial, and social components of enterprise activity. The study examines the theoretical and practical aspects of analytical support for the balanced development of industrial enterprises. Particular attention is devoted to the role of accounting and analytical systems in ensuring effective managerial decision-making, optimizing production costs, improving financial stability, and strengthening enterprise competitiveness. It is established that a properly organized cost accounting system significantly affects product quality management, production efficiency, pricing policy, and the overall financial performance of enterprises. The research also emphasizes that inventories and production resources occupy a central position in enterprise operations, since all production, sales, and management processes are directly connected with the movement and use of material resources. The paper analyzes the importance of inventory accounting, production cost calculation, and the classification of enterprise expenses within the system of management accounting. It is determined that the lack of unified methodological approaches to cost accounting, insufficient control over expenditures by responsibility centers, and the absence of effective analytical mechanisms reduce the reliability of accounting information and complicate managerial processes. The study further identifies that many industrial enterprises experience problems related to ineffective inventory management systems, limited implementation of modern information technologies, and inadequate integration between structural divisions. Considerable attention is also paid to the influence of external and internal factors on the development of industrial enterprises. External determinants include globalization processes, international competition, fiscal policy, investment conditions, technological transformation, and the level of protection of domestic markets. Internal factors include organizational structure, financial resources, logistics, innovation potential, management efficiency, and the level of integration of enterprise divisions. The study confirms that international trade and the internationalization of business activities can serve as important drivers of technological modernization and economic growth through the transfer of knowledge, innovations, and advanced production technologies. The research substantiates the necessity of improving industrial policy in Ukraine and developing effective mechanisms for the analytical support of industrial enterprises. The implementation of modern accounting methods, innovative technologies, forecasting tools, and strategic management approaches is identified as an essential condition for achieving balanced development and long-term financial sustainability. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of applying the proposed approaches to improve accounting systems, optimize production management, strengthen analytical support, and increase the competitiveness of industrial enterprises in the context of economic instability and global market transformation.

CORPORATE MANAGEMENT OF THE STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT OF COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES IN THE ECONOMY OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES

Katerina Dumanska — 2026-06-30

The article is devoted to the study of the context of corporate management of the strategic development of competitive advantages in the economy of business entities in the industrial sector of Ukraine. The authors examine the concept of corporate management from the perspective of the functioning of enterprises and companies within the global economic environment. The paper proposes the authors’ definitions of the concepts of “corporate management” and “competitive advantages” within the economic system of a modern enterprise. The necessity of corporate management in the context of the strategic development of competitive advantages is substantiated as a tool for responding to the influences of the competitive environment. The study investigates key problems of corporate management in the strategic development of competitive advantages in the electrical cable industry sector. Directions for addressing the problems of corporate management of competitive advantages of enterprises in the electrical cable business sector in Ukraine are proposed. The necessity of forming a flexible portfolio of competitive advantages is substantiated as an effective lever for strategizing corporate management. Since industry has always been and remains a priority sector of the Ukrainian economy, industrial development represents one of the key directions of the country’s economic strategy. Current trends in corporate management of the strategic development of industrial enterprises are aimed at identifying competitive opportunities of market participants and forming a set of competitive advantages to ensure their further successful functioning. The inherently high level of emergence in the economic environment increases the importance of forming a flexible strategic portfolio of competitive advantages within an enterprise/company. An effective portfolio of competitive advantages of a business entity becomes a prerequisite for enhancing its competitiveness, ensuring flexible strategic development, enabling adequate response to emergent changes, and successfully maneuvering in a competitive environment.

A RISK EVALUATION FRAMEWORK FOR THE PROCUREMENT OF AUCTION-GRADE AND OFF-LEASE AUTOMOTIVE ASSETS

Oleksandr Korinnyi — 2026-06-30

Purpose. This paper presents a comprehensive multi-factor risk evaluation model for the procurement of motor vehicles at North American insurance and off-lease auctions (such as Copart, IAAI and Manheim) for subsequent commercial operation within the P2P car-sharing segment (Turo platform) or resale. The research is aimed at addressing the problem of information asymmetry and minimizing financial losses for small-scale fleet operators under conditions of high secondary market volatility. Methodology. The methodology is based on a synthesis of VIN-based technical scoring, multivariate regression analysis for forecasting repair expenditures and financial modeling utilizing NPV, ROI and dynamic break-even point metrics. Results. The study provides a detailed analysis of legal aspects, including vehicle title branding (Salvage, Rebuilt) and the compliance requirements of sharing platforms, while also identifying specific risks such as electric vehicle battery degradation and the practice of “title washing”. Results from the model`s validation on a fleet of 50-100 vehicle units confirm the potential for reducing investment risks by 30-40%. Practical implications. The outcome of the work is a concept for an automated decision support system (SaaS), facilitating increased market transparency, the professionalization of small-scale actors and the implementation of circular economy principles within the automotive investment industry. Value / originality. This paper presents a comprehensive multi-factor risk evaluation model that integrates technical, financial and legal dimensions of vehicle procurement, addressing the problem of information asymmetry in secondary automotive markets.

PUBLIC DEBT OF UKRAINE: DYNAMICS, STRUCTURE AND RISKS TO FINANCIAL STABILITY

Ihor Legkostup — 2026-06-30

The article investigated the current state of Ukraine’s public debt, its economic nature, structure and management features under martial law and economic instability. The object of the study is the public debt of Ukraine as a component of the public financial system and the financial stability of the state. The subject of the study is the economic relations between the state and creditors arising in the process of formation, servicing and repayment of Ukraine’s public debt, as well as debt risks in the context of financial stability. The methodological basis of the study was formed by the following key methods: logical, systemic, abstraction and generalization – when determining the theoretical foundations of public debt and its management; comparative, statistical, analytical, and graphical – when analyzing the dynamics and structure of Ukraine’s public debt; analysis and synthesis, and forecasting – when analyzing debt risks and identifying modern methods of public debt management to overcome them. The purpose of the article is to investigate the theoretical aspects of public debt, analyze its state and dynamics, and determine the key areas of debt management to ensure financial stability under socio-economic challenges. Practical conclusions. Enhancing public debt management through modern methods is a prerequisite for strengthening the state’s financial security, ensuring sustainable economic development, and raising the standard of living of citizens. Implementing these measures will help shape a transparent and effective debt policy capable of swiftly responding to contemporary challenges and risks. This will be facilitated by modern debt management methods and the digitalization of these processes, which enhance efficiency, streamline operations, and mitigate the risks of the negative impact of the human factor. Public debt is a necessary yet risky instrument of financial policy. A rational debt strategy must ensure a balance between the state’s financing and the preservation of macroeconomic stability, while also taking into account the interests of all citizens. Effective public debt management must be based on the principles of transparency and accountability, which will enhance public and investor confidence to overcome current challenges and foster further economic growth. Originality/value. The uncovered debt risks and proposed practical approaches to public debt management will enhance debt policy and increase the efficiency and rationality of using borrowed funds.

SPATIAL ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF REGIONAL CAPITAL INVESTMENTS IN UKRAINE

Myroslav Khomyak — 2026-06-30

The aim of this paper is to identify and quantify spatial dependence in the distribution of capital investments across Ukrainian regions, to determine the type of spatial relationships (spatial lag versus spatial error), and to decompose the total effect of gross regional product on capital investments into direct and indirect (spillover) components. Spatial dependence is a fundamental characteristic of regional economic processes; however, in the context of Ukrainian regional studies, the spatial dimension of capital investment distribution remains insufficiently explored. Classical econometric models that treat regions as isolated units produce biased and inefficient parameter estimates when interregional interactions are present. This gap is particularly significant for Ukraine, where institutional heterogeneity, uneven spatial development, and the impact of armed conflict create complex patterns of regional interdependence. The empirical basis consists of a balanced panel of 25 regional units (24 oblasts and the city of Kyiv) over the period 2016–2021, yielding 150 observations. The spatial interaction structure is defined by a first-order queen contiguity weight matrix based on GADM Level-1 shapefiles. Estimation is performed via maximum likelihood using the R packages splm, plm, and spdep. The study compares spatial autoregressive (SAR) and spatial error (SEM) models with fixed and random effects. Model selection relies on Baltagi–Song–Koh LM tests and the spatial Hausman test. The analysis confirms statistically significant spatial dependence in regional capital investments. The elasticity of capital investments with respect to gross regional product is consistently above unity (β ≈ 1.19–1.27), indicating procyclical investment behaviour consistent with the accelerator theory. The effect decomposition reveals an indirect spatial effect of 0.196, approximately 14 percent of the total effect, confirming the existence of interregional investment spillovers. The spatial Hausman test favours fixed-effects specifications (χ² = 18.71, p < 0.001). Ignoring spatial interactions underestimates the impact of economic growth on investments by 14–16 percent, which has direct implications for regional investment policy design and post-war recovery strategies.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE FORMATION OF CULTURAL COMPETENCE OF FUTURE DESIGNERS: THE DIDACTIC ASPECT OF THE CREATIVE ECONOMY

Tetiana Zubko — 2026-06-30

The subject of this study is the didactic potential of artificial intelligence in the formation of cultural competence among future designers in the context of the creative economy. The article considers cultural competence as an integral professional quality that combines cultural awareness, visual sensitivity, critical interpretation of cultural codes, intercultural communication, ethical responsibility, and the ability to transform cultural experience into design solutions. The aim of the study is to provide a theoretical substantiation of artificial intelligence as a didactic mediator between cultural experience, reflective analysis, and creative design practice. The research methodology is based on an interdisciplinary approach that integrates competence-based education, cultural studies, design pedagogy, digital didactics, concepts of AI literacy, and the theory of creative industries. The study employs theoretical analysis, synthesis, comparison, and pedagogical modelling to clarify the role of artificial intelligence tools in educational practices related to cultural observation, visual research, concept development, and project-based learning. The findings demonstrate that artificial intelligence can help students structure cultural impressions, identify semantic connections, compare visual systems, generate design references, and reflectively comprehend the cultural meanings of creative products. At the same time, artificial intelligence cannot replace personal experience of cultural immersion, the pedagogical role of the teacher, or the student’s authorial position. The conclusions emphasise that the effective integration of AI into design education requires a human-centred pedagogical model, ethical regulation, critical evaluation of algorithmic outputs, and the development of AI literacy. Such an approach contributes to the preparation of future designers capable of creating culturally meaningful, innovative, and socially responsible products in the creative economy.

COOPERATION OF BUSINESS AREAS AS AN ORGANIZATIONAL COMPONENT OF DEVELOPMENT

Viktor Bernadskyi — 2026-06-30

The article examines the cooperation of business directions as a strategic organizational component that ensures sustainable enterprise development in a highly dynamic and competitive business environment. In the context of increasing market volatility, digital transformation, and growing complexity of organizational structures, effective cooperation among business directions becomes a critical factor for enhancing adaptability, innovation capacity, and overall organizational performance. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the theoretical foundations of business direction cooperation and to identify strategic and organizational mechanisms that facilitate its effective implementation within enterprise management systems. The objectives of the research include analyzing contemporary approaches to organizing interaction among business directions, identifying key forms and principles of cooperation, and assessing their influence on organizational development parameters such as adaptability, innovation activity, and efficiency of resource utilization. The study also considers the role of cooperation in generating synergistic effects, improving strategic alignment, and strengthening enterprise competitiveness. The methodological framework of the paper is based on systems approach that combines qualitative and analytical methods, including theoretical generalization, comparative analysis of organizational models, structural and logical modeling, and synthesis of best management practices. The research findings demonstrate that a higher level of cooperation among business directions contributes to the formation of integrated decision-making processes, reduces functional fragmentation, and enhances the scalability of enterprise development. It is shown that the implementation of cross-directional coordination mechanisms, cross-functional teams, and digital collaboration platforms significantly improves the coherence of managerial actions and supports innovation-driven growth. The study substantiates that cooperation of business directions should be institutionalized as a core element of organizational design and strategic management. The proposed recommendations provide practical guidance for enterprise managers in developing coordination structures, aligning performance indicators, and fostering a culture of collaboration. The results of the research expand the theoretical understanding of internal organizational cooperation and offer practical directions for strengthening enterprise development in the long-term perspective.

THE EVOLUTION OF CLIMATE RISK INSURANCE: STRATEGIES FOR INCREASING RESILIENCE IN A CHANGING ENVIRONMENT

Kateryna Zdor — 2026-06-30

The purpose of the article is to systematize and analytically summarize the transformation of the insurance sector under the influence of climate risks and identify mechanisms for increasing its financial stability in the face of increasing catastrophic losses. The study focuses on assessing changes in the loss structure, capital adequacy, the level of insurance coverage and the role of institutional risk redistribution instruments. Methodology. The analytical base was formed by comparing the financial indicators of insurance companies for the period 2015–2024 using aggregated statistical data from supervisory authorities and international analytical reports. A scenario approach was used to model the basic and stress trajectories of climate risk development. The assessment of stability was carried out through the calculation of the combined ratio, capital adequacy ratio and loss coverage index. Additionally, a comparative analysis of institutional mechanisms was used, in particular reinsurance, catastrophic bonds and public-private funds. Results. The obtained calculations showed that during periods of large-scale disasters, the combined ratio systematically exceeds the break-even level, which reduces the operating profitability of insurers. At the same time, the integration of scenario forecasting and the expansion of reinsurance coverage allow reducing the volatility of income and increasing the capital adequacy ratio. It is shown that a multi-level risk distribution model, which combines private and public instruments, significantly reduces the insurance gap and stabilizes the premium policy. Practical significance. The proposed approach can be used by insurance companies to adjust the tariff strategy, optimize reserves and form long-term development scenarios. For regulators, the results create a basis for improving mechanisms for guaranteeing and stimulating adaptation measures. Scientific novelty. The work offers an integrated model for assessing the stability of the insurance sector, which combines financial ratios, scenario modeling and institutional analysis within a single analytical circuit.

DESIGNING OUTDOOR SPACES FOR MENTAL HEALTH: INNOVATIVE EVIDENCE-BASED LANDSCAPING APPROACHES

Volodymyr Yatsiuk — 2026-06-30

The increased pace of urbanization along with the pressure of an educational system that is increasingly fragmented socially, and growing global mental health issues have contributed to the lack of mental health well-being in people; therefore, the outdoors – especially the urban green and landscaped spaces – have emerged as a non-clinical resource to help improve the quality of mental health. Although there are numerous studies on the relationship between mental health and outdoor environmental design and the connection is evident in the literature, many designers and contractors use evidence based design for the purpose of landscaping (as a preventative measure) instead of functionally, aesthetically, or both. The purpose of this article is to explore the evidence based aspects of designing and implementing the outdoors as a means to restore mental wellness, regulate emotions, and build psychological resiliency. This study is focused only on studies in academic peer-reviewed journals (2023-2025), and combined the results from environmental psychology, landscape architecture, urban planning, and public health. In addition, it identified the physical characteristics of landscape spaces including: cohesiveness, vegetative quality, the degree of exposure to mental health issues, accessibility, and social interaction. Finally, based on the above analysis, the author developed a conceptual model, which links physical design with both psychological response and the interaction between people and their environment. The findings demonstrate that the advantages for mental health arise from landscape design itself, rather than just mental health, and that there should be an association between design choices and human psychological and social processes.