Academia Polonica

NATIONAL VALUE ORIENTATIONS AMONG HIGHER EDUCATION STUDENTS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN WAR

2026-03-12T15:12:46+00:00

The article reveals the relevance of forming national value orientations among higher education students, taking into account the influence of the Russian-Ukrainian war on this process. The concepts of “values” and “value orientations” are defined. Based on scholarly research, a classification of values is highlighted and presented. The study outlines the key aspects of investigating the process of forming national value orientations in higher education students (theoretical, psychological, philosophical, and general pedagogical). Two groups of values significant for the individual are distinguished (collectivist and individualist). The authors analyze scholarly works on the formation of national value orientations and propose conditions for their development: using the educational potential of academic disciplines for fostering national and patriotic education of students and shaping national values (involving higher education students in socially significant projects of a national-patriotic nature; active study of various aspects of the national and cultural heritage of the Ukrainian people by future professionals). The stages of forming national values and the components of this process among higher education students are identified. The necessity of cultivating students’ values under the conditions of the Russian-Ukrainian war is substantiated.

THE IMPACT OF DIGITAL RISKS ON THE USER’S IDENTITY

2026-03-12T15:12:55+00:00

The article examines how the rapid expansion of digital technologies has increased vulnerabilities related to personal identity in online environments. It highlights that as users rely more heavily on digital platforms for communication, commerce, and social interaction, their personal data becomes a valuable target for cybercriminals. Digital risks such as data breaches, identity theft, phishing, and unauthorized surveillance can significantly undermine an individual’s sense of security, privacy, and trust in digital systems. The article emphasizes that user identity is no longer limited to basic personal information but includes behavioral data, digital footprints, and online reputations. When these elements are compromised, users may experience financial loss, reputational damage, psychological stress, and long-term consequences for their digital presence. The article also discusses how inadequate security practices, lack of user awareness, and weak regulatory frameworks exacerbate these risks. Furthermore, the authors stress the shared responsibility of users, organizations, and governments in mitigating digital risks. Strong authentication methods, data protection policies, cybersecurity education, and ethical technology design are presented as key strategies to protect user identity. Overall, the article concludes that safeguarding digital identity is essential for maintaining trust in the digital ecosystem and ensuring sustainable technological development in an increasingly interconnected world.

THEORETICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF APPROACHES, METHODS, AND FRAMEWORKS IN TEACHING ENGLISH LANGUAGE

2026-03-12T15:12:59+00:00

The growing demand for English as a means of global communication has placed a strain on the supply of well-trained language teachers. Nevertheless, concepts such as approach, method, and framework in terms of methodology have become blurred, which may lead to a misunderstanding of pedagogical implications. This article aims to define these terms and discuss their interrelatedness in the context of teaching English as a second language. It reviews some of the main pedagogical approaches (such as the Communicative and Lexical Approaches), as well as specific teaching methods and lesson models (including PPP, TBLT, and TTT). Particular considerations include the application of theoretical principles to practice and lesson planning. The study is an outcome of a discourse analysis of recent literature in the fields of applied linguistics and English language teaching. Theoretical and comparative analyses are employed to incorporate methodological perspectives. The results suggest that effective English language teaching is achieved through the situational combination of approaches, methods, and frameworks that meet the specific needs of learners and the learning situation. The paper emphasizes the role of methodological sensitivity in formulating communicative, learner-centered instruction that is appropriate to the particular teaching context.

POPULAR CULTURE AS A MEDIATOR: MECHANISMS OF RECODING AND SYMBOLIC CAPITAL EXCHANGE IN THE ERA OF METAMODERNISM

2026-03-12T15:13:08+00:00

The article explores the dynamics of interaction between high (elite) and popular culture in the era of metamodernism. The author moves away from the traditional dichotomy and hierarchical opposition of these spheres, viewing them as a convergent system with a constant exchange of meanings. The methodological basis of the study relies on the distinction between "mass culture" (an industrial product) and "popular culture" (grassroots creativity, "textual poaching" according to M. de Certeau), which allows for an analysis of audience agency. The paper substantiates the thesis that popular culture performs a key mediating function: it acts as a "translator," recoding the complex aesthetic codes of high art into the language of everyday experience. Using examples from visual art (immersive exhibitions, the street art phenomenon, internet memes), the article illustrates processes of double appropriation: elite culture adopts the communicative strategies of popular culture to expand its audience, while popular culture appropriates the symbolic capital of high art for its own legitimation. It is concluded that such interaction ensures the actualization of cultural memory and the survival of classical heritage in the digital age.

CREATIVITY AND DEVIANCE IN THE UNIVERSITY ENVIRONMENT: THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL CRITERIA FOR DISTINCTION

2026-03-12T15:13:27+00:00

The article proposes a theoretically grounded approach that treats creativity and deviation from norms not as identical phenomena but as different trajectories of exploratory activity. A system of criteria for assessing creative and deviant behaviour in the academic setting is substantiated. On this basis, a model is developed that combines the level of creativity and the level of constructive normativity, making it possible to distinguish productive and destructive forms of non-standard behaviour as well as borderline, risk-laden zones where they intersect. The proposed framework allows researchers and practitioners to evaluate not only the external “unconventionality” of behaviour, but above all its value orientation, motivational basis and impact on other participants in the educational process. The findings are used to formulate recommendations for university policy aimed at supporting the professional creativity of academic staff and students while minimising the risk of pathologising creativity under conditions of increasingly normative and audit-driven higher education.

“NEW HOME” CONCEPT AS A PART OF HUMAN-CENTERED PEDAGOGICS

2026-03-12T15:13:34+00:00

The article explores the “New Home Concept” as an emerging framework within human-centered pedagogics, emphasizing the pedagogical value of supportive, emotionally resonant, and context-responsive environments. Drawing on contemporary insights from neuroarchitecture, environmental psychology, and community-based design, the study argues that the meaning of “home” extends far beyond physical shelter. Instead, it represents a multidimensional learning ecosystem that shapes cognitive capacities, emotional regulation, creativity, and social development. Based on the author`s experience and model of transforming houses into holistic, human-supportive environments, the article conceptualizes the home as a pedagogical space where learning processes are embedded in everyday spatial, sensory, and social experiences. The study analyzes four interrelated design principles (emotional resonance, functional harmony, community integration, and adaptive sustainability) as educational mechanisms that cultivate a person`s well-being, autonomy, and intergenerational interaction. Special attention is given to the needs of neurodiverse individuals, whose sensory and cognitive profiles require flexible, predictable, and inclusive environments capable of minimizing stress and enhancing learning engagement. The article further examines the pedagogical significance of natural elements, shared community hubs, and adaptive technological solutions, arguing that such components can function as catalysts for place-based and experiential learning. The “New Home Concept” is presented as an educational paradigm that repositions the living environment as a co-teacher: one that supports the development of personal competencies, social connection, and long-term well-being.

INTEGRATIVE APPROACH TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF PROFESSIONAL FOREIGN LANGUAGE COMPETENCE FOR NON-LANGUAGE SPECIALITIES STUDENTS

2026-03-12T15:13:43+00:00

In the course of the study, the author conducted a theoretical analysis of the problem of developing professional foreign language competence among students of non-language specialities in the context of modern higher education. The relevance of the study is determined by the processes of globalisation, internationalisation of the educational space and the growing role of foreign languages as a tool for professional activity, intercultural communication and academic mobility of future specialists. The purpose of the article is to justify the feasibility of introducing an integrative approach as an effective methodological and methodical means of forming professional foreign language competence among students of non-linguistic specialities. The research methodology is based on the provisions of competence-based, integrative, activity-based and personality-oriented approaches. The work uses methods of theoretical analysis, synthesis, generalisation of scientific sources, pedagogical observation and self-reflection of professional experience. The analysis of scientific sources has established that the integrative approach ensures the integrity of foreign language training by combining linguistic, professional, sociocultural and personal components of professional education. It was determined that the implementation of this approach contributes to increasing the practical orientation of training, the formation of professionally oriented foreign language skills, the development of motivation and the ability for effective intercultural interaction. The pedagogical conditions under which the integrative approach ensures the effective development of professional foreign language competence were substantiated.

MAIN ASPECTS OF COMPARISON IN MODERN LANGUAGE RESEARCH

2026-03-12T15:13:52+00:00

The study presents an overview of the main and modern trends in comparative linguistics in the direction of conducting contrastive investigations in order to identify common and distinctive features in related and unrelated languages. The investigation presents the concept of a reference language and the features of its application in comparative studies, and also draws attention to the shortcomings of such an approach. The concept of tertium comparationis and its place in modern comparative linguistics and translation studies are investigated. The features of comparative comparison of related and unrelated languages are characterized. The study demonstrates the applied aspect of tertium comparationis on the material of various linguistic studies in order to determine individual lexical, semantic, formal and syntactic correlations in the Ukrainian and English languages. The investigation also presents the main parameters of comparison for one’s own semantic and cognitive, semantic and functional comparative study of irrational vocabulary on the material of the Ukrainian, English and German languages. Prospects for further linguistic research are identified within the framework of a more detailed comparative conceptual analysis of rational vocabulary to denote a rational, reason-based way of perceiving the world by a person in the Ukrainian, English, and German languages in a comparative aspect.

METHODS OF FORMING UNIVERSITY STUDENTS' FOREIGN LANGUAGE LEARNING AND STRATEGIC COMPETENCE

2026-03-12T15:14:01+00:00

The article addresses the urgent problem of modernizing professional training within the paradigm of lifelong education. The research focuses on the theoretical substantiation and practical implementation of pedagogical instruments designed to foster autonomous knowledge acquisition. The aim of the study is to systematize efficient approaches for developing complex skills required for independent linguistic growth in higher education institutions. The methodological framework is based on constructivist and student-centered principles. The paper provides a comprehensive analysis of three instrumental clusters: active interaction techniques (case studies, role-playing) which facilitate social and compensatory skills; digital technologies (LMS, corpus linguistics) which ensure cognitive flexibility and academic independence; and reflective diagnostic tools (portfolios, diaries) aimed at cultivating metacognitive awareness. The results demonstrate that the systematic integration of these elements transforms the educational process, shifting the focus from knowledge transmission to the facilitation of self-regulated academic activity. The study concludes that the proposed holistic system significantly enhances the adaptability of future specialists in a globalized environment.

A PRACTICAL OVERVIEW OF THE ROLE OF MUSIC IN THE PROPAGANDA OF DIFFERENT COUNTRIES

2026-03-12T15:14:16+00:00

The article examines the practical role of music in the propaganda systems of various countries. The aim of the study is to demonstrate how music has been used in propaganda practices across different nations. To achieve this goal, the information was analyzed, compared, and summarized through the use of methods such as comparison, classification, and generalization, which made it possible to clearly outline the role of music in the propaganda structures of different countries during the 20th and 21st centuries. The findings indicate that propaganda is a targeted process of communicative influence. It became especially widespread in the 20th and 21st centuries, particularly during World War II. Various propaganda tools are used, yet music holds a special place as it combines emotional, psychological, and cognitive influence. The study demonstrates that music serves not only an aesthetic but also a social and communicative function. It has been established that, in a political context, music can reflect and shape the spirit of an era, strengthening the sense of unity around particular ideas or a leader. Examples from different countries show that music is actively used in election campaigns, rallies, revolutionary movements, and even in modern political advertising. In particular, in the United Kingdom and the United States, special “anthems of unity” are created to evoke in voters a sense of trust, patriotism, and nostalgia. During World War II, music was mainly employed to maintain soldiers’ morale, foster a sense of unity, and inspire the desire to fight for certain ideals. The practical value of this study lies in rethinking the understanding of the role of music in the propaganda system through a historical approach. This is of great importance for politicians and diplomats who aim to develop and influence the population or specific social groups.

POLITICAL HISTORY AND STYLISTIC TRANSFORMATION OF MUSICAL CULTURE: MECHANISMS OF INFLUENCE AND MEDIATION

2026-03-12T15:14:28+00:00

This article examines political history as a formative factor in the stylistic transformation of musical culture, emphasizing mechanisms of influence and mediation rather than direct political determination. Musical style is approached as a culturally embedded and historically situated phenomenon shaped by political regimes, ideological configurations, and institutional frameworks. Drawing on cultural theory and interdisciplinary analysis, the study challenges the notion of stylistic autonomy by demonstrating how political processes restructure cultural fields, redefine aesthetic priorities, and influence the conditions of stylistic legitimacy. The research adopts a cultural-analytical methodology integrating concepts of mediation, cultural hegemony, symbolic power, and institutional regulation. Political history is interpreted not as a causal force acting upon music but as a structured environment within which stylistic norms are produced, stabilized, and transformed. Particular attention is paid to the role of institutions, education, cultural policy, and critical discourse as mediating structures translating political configurations into aesthetic conventions. The article argues that stylistic transformation in musical culture represents an adaptive cultural process responding to historical ruptures and shifts in power relations. This perspective allows for a more nuanced understanding of musical style as a dynamic cultural formation and outlines directions for further research into comparative historical and cross-cultural contexts.

ANCIENT METHODS OF CRITICAL THINKING IN TEACHER EDUCATION: FROM PAIDEIA TO EPISTEMIC VIRTUES

2026-03-12T15:14:38+00:00

The aim of the article is to substantiate the pedagogical potential of ancient philosophical methods in developing critical thinking among future educators in the information age. The research methodology includes historical-philosophical analysis of the concept of paideia and epistemic virtues, comparative method for juxtaposing ancient sophistry with contemporary disinformation practices, hermeneutic approach to interpreting primary sources (Plato, Aristotle), theoretical generalization to identify transhistorical pedagogical principles. The scientific novelty lies in conceptualizing critical thinking as an epistemic virtue through synthesizing Socratic maieutics, Aristotelian logic, and contemporary challenges of the digital age; in systematizing ancient methods of critiquing sophistic rhetoric as tools for developing media literacy; in substantiating Socratic dialogue as a pedagogical paradigm that cultivates epistemic humility and intellectual honesty. The research findings demonstrate that ancient pedagogical principles – paideia as holistic personal development, Socratic elenchus as a method of deconstructing pseudo-knowledge, Aristotelian dianoetic virtues as the foundation of rational agency – retain methodological productivity in the context of teacher education. The structural similarity between ancient sophistry and contemporary fake news is proven, enabling the adaptation of Platonic critique of manipulative rhetoric and Aristotelian taxonomy of fallacies for analyzing disinformation. Conclusions: integrating ancient methods of critical thinking into teacher education enables the formation of epistemic virtues (intellectual honesty, open-mindedness, curiosity, epistemic humility) necessary for navigating the information environment and countering manipulative practices.

HUMANISTIC PERSONALITY IN THE ERA OF GLOBALIZATION: THE ROLE OF HIGHER EDUCATION AND THE CASE OF AZERBAIJAN

2026-03-12T15:14:56+00:00

This study explores the process of forming a humanistic personality in the context of globalization, analyzing the strategic role of higher education and examining the Azerbaijani experience. The research highlights that the acceleration of global integration and digitalization inevitably transforms humanistic values. Within this framework, contemporary international theoretical approaches–humanistic psychology, social-constructivist models, and global citizenship concepts-and their influence on higher education curricula are thoroughly discussed. The study employed a mixed-methods approach, including document analysis, expert interviews, and student surveys, to assess the current state of humanistic competencies in Azerbaijani universities. The results indicate that, although curricula include humanistic components, the development of key competencies-such as empathy, critical thinking, multicultural communication, and social responsibility-still faces practical and methodological challenges. Comparisons with European universities revealed significant differences in curriculum design, pedagogical strategies, application of interactive teaching technologies, and opportunities for practical training. Based on the findings, the study proposes curriculum reforms, broader implementation of student-centered and interactive teaching methods, expansion of socio-cultural projects, and enhanced international collaboration to strengthen the development of humanistic personalities in Azerbaijani higher education. This research has both theoretical and practical significance, emphasizing the importance of preparing ethically responsible, socially engaged, and globally competent graduates in a globalized and digital environment.

THE ROLE OF GRAMMATICAL COMPETENCE IN POST-EDITING SPECIALIZED MACHINE TRANSLATION

2026-03-12T15:15:05+00:00

The increasing use of machine translation in professional settings has significantly transformed contemporary specialized translation practices. As a result, post-editing has emerged as a core translation activity that requires not only technological literacy but also advanced linguistic competence. This article investigates the role of grammatical competence in the post-editing of machine-translated specialized texts from a translation studies perspective. The study aims to demonstrate that grammatical competence constitutes a central component of translator competence and plays a decisive role in ensuring grammatical accuracy, semantic adequacy, and functional coherence in post-edited translations. The research is based on qualitative analysis and draws on theoretical insights from translation studies and applied linguistics. The methodology encompasses descriptive analysis of relevant theoretical frameworks, comparative analysis of machine-translated and post-edited texts, and translation-oriented linguistic analysis, with a focus on grammar-related issues. The findings indicate that machine translation systems frequently generate grammatically plausible but functionally inadequate structures, particularly in relation to tense-aspect forms, voice, modality, and syntactic cohesion. Effective post-editing, therefore, requires interpretative judgement grounded in grammatical competence rather than mechanical error correction. The study also highlights the implications of these findings for translator training, emphasising the need to integrate post-editing as a translation-oriented practice in educational programmes. Overall, the article confirms the continued relevance of human grammatical competence in ensuring translation quality in increasingly automated translation environments.

THE PRAGMATICS OF MANIPULATIVE INFLUENCE IN CHINESE ADVERTISING DISCOURSE

2026-03-12T15:15:16+00:00

This article examines the pragmatic devices of manipulative influence in Chinese advertising discourse based on authentic advertising slogans and promotional texts. Advertising is considered as a form of persuasive communication in which linguistic choices are strategically employed to shape consumer perception and stimulate purchasing behavior. Particular attention is paid to the interaction between rhetorical devices, pragmatic strategies, and culturally conditioned implicit meanings. The study identifies the most recurrent manipulative devices in Chinese advertising, including techniques aimed at creating a sense of necessity and urgency, parallel constructions, repetition, quotation, exaggeration, inversion, evaluative vocabulary, superlative adjectives, and implicit meaning. The findings demonstrate that the construction of urgency and necessity is the most frequently used strategy, reflecting the competitive nature of China’s rapidly developing digital advertising environment. The analysis shows that rhetorical devices such as parallelism and repetition enhance memorability and rhythmic organization, while quotation and implicit meaning establish cultural resonance through references to classical poetry, idioms, and shared values. Exaggeration and evaluative lexis intensify the perceived value of products, whereas inversion foregrounds key information and increases expressive impact. Overall, the study confirms that manipulative influence in Chinese advertising is achieved not through isolated linguistic means but through their systematic interaction within a culturally specific pragmatic framework. The results contribute to a deeper understanding of advertising discourse from a pragmatic perspective and may be relevant for further research in media linguistics, pragmatics, and intercultural communication.

CONCEPTUALISATION DU SUBJONCTIF PRÉSENT PAR LES ÉTUDIANTS UKRAINIENS EN CLASSE DE GRAMMAIRE PRATIQUE DU FRANÇAIS

2026-03-12T15:15:25+00:00

Comment développer une conscience bi/plurilingue en classe de grammaire du français ? Quels contenus d’apprentissage et activités de grammaire mettre en place ? Cet article met en valeur la conceptualisation grammaticale comme moyen efficace du développement de la conscience bi/plurilingue chez les étudiants ukrainiens en classe de grammaire du français. Le groupe cible sont des futurs traducteurs du français vers l’ukrainien qui apprennent le français comme langue de spécialité. Le matériel de recherche sont des documents publicitaires présentant un contexte socioculturel réel pour le fonctionnement des points de langue. Dans l’article est décrite la démarche de conceptualisation du subjonctif présent dans la subordonnée relative. Sont proposées des pistes d’exploitation didactique de documents authentiques (sur le corpus de la publicité française) comme déclencheur d’exercices de conceptualisation, de systématisation et d’appropriation du subjonctif présent dans la relative. La recherche est réalisée dans le cadre de l’approche communicative et actionnelle de l’enseignement/apprentissage des langues étrangères ainsi que de l’approche cognitive de l’enseignement de la grammaire.

HUMANITARIAN POWER OF CULTURE AND THE LIMITS OF MUSICAL ART AUTONOMY IN PROFESSIONAL MUSIC EDUCATION

2026-03-12T15:15:36+00:00

This article examines the place of musical art within the humanitarian hierarchy of culture and questions the widespread assumption of its full autonomy in the context of professional music education. The central argument is that culture functions as a humanitarian metasystem that precedes and conditions artistic practices, while music operates as a subordinated yet highly expressive form of cultural discourse. From this perspective, values, meanings, and ideals articulated through music are not immanent musical properties but culturally constructed coordinates that shape artistic sense-making. The study aims to conceptualize the limits of musical autonomy by situating music education within broader cultural power relations that define normative horizons of interpretation, evaluation, and legitimation. Methodologically, the research relies on philosophical and cultural-theoretical analysis, drawing on interdisciplinary approaches from cultural philosophy, aesthetics, and the humanities. The article advances the idea that professional music education serves as a key institutional mechanism through which cultural priorities are stabilized and transmitted, thereby reinforcing the humanitarian authority of culture over artistic forms. By reframing music education as a space of cultural mediation rather than purely artistic self-realization, the paper contributes to contemporary debates on the role of the humanities in shaping artistic consciousness. The results open perspectives for further research on cultural authority, symbolic power, and the reconfiguration of artistic autonomy within modern educational systems.

СOUNTERING SYSTEMIC CORRUPTION IN THE CENTRAL EXECUTIVE, LEGISLATIVE, AND JUDICIAL AGENCIES OF UKRAINE DURING MARTIAL LAW

2026-03-12T15:15:46+00:00

Given the negative trends highlighted in the media in 2024–2025, the issue of countering systemic corruption in the judiciary, law enforcement agencies, central executive bodies, and the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine is relevant and has been provided for and enshrined in national and international legal acts. At the same time, we must remember that Ukraine is experiencing one of the most brutal wars on European soil since World War II. The aggressor state is attempting to impose autocracy and undermine the country’s democratic foundations. The article demonstrates that, in such circumstances, it is of paramount importance to unite and support processes related to European integration within the country. Society demands effective and timely action from the authorities to introduce the necessary changes, rather than lobbying for personal initiatives that undermine anti-corruption measures.

UNIFIED METHODOLOGY FOR MILITARY FIELDFORENSICS (BATTLEFIELD FORENSICS) FOR DOCUMENTING WAR CRIMES

2026-03-12T15:15:58+00:00

The article examines the problem of the absence in Ukraine of a unified methodology for battlefield forensics as a specialized system for recording, collecting, preserving, and initially analyzing evidence of war crimes in conditions of active combat operations. It is argued that the application of adapted procedures of classical forensics does not ensure the proper admissibility and evidential value of materials in situations of constant danger, limited time, and risk of evidence loss. The content and features of battlefield forensics are revealed, its place in the system of criminalistics science and its correlation with international standards of evidence, in particular the requirements of the International Criminal Court, are determined. The international experience of NATO, the ICC, OHCHR, UNITAD, and analytical OSINT platforms that shape the current practice of documenting war crimes is analyzed. The principles of a unified methodology are formulated, the integration of classical and digital forensic tools is justified, and the structural stages of field documentation and key challenges for implementing the methodology in Ukraine are identified. Strategic directions for the development of a national battlefield forensics system are proposed, including the creation of interagency rapid response teams, digital recording protocols, and a national coordination center. It is concluded that a unified methodology for military field forensics is a necessary prerequisite for ensuring effective investigation of war crimes and the compatibility of evidence with international jurisdictions.

MANAGERIAL “PROFESSIONAL SELF-IMPROVEMENT” CONCEPT IN EAST ASIAN COUNTRIES: ITS REINTERPRETATION IN MANAGERS` EDUCATION

2026-03-12T15:16:08+00:00

The article examines how leading East Asian economies reinterpret and operationalize the idea of continuous personal advancement within managerial education systems. Drawing on comparative analysis of China, Japan, South Korea, and Singapore, the study explores the evolution of normative expectations regarding the personal growth of organizational leaders and the cultural-philosophical foundations that shape these expectations. Particular attention is given to traditional intellectual frameworks (such as Confucian moral cultivation, Japanese kaizen-oriented learning culture, Korean notions of self-discipline, and Singapore’s hybrid meritocratic ethos) that continue to influence contemporary approaches to leadership development. The article investigates how these countries incorporate self-directed growth into national training programs, corporate human-capital strategies, and state-supported professional-learning ecosystems. It highlights both convergent tendencies, including emphasis on lifelong learning, ethical conduct, and collective responsibility, and divergent national trajectories shaped by local institutional environments and socio-economic priorities. The comparative findings demonstrate that East Asian models conceptualise personal advancement not as an individualistic pursuit but as a socially embedded obligation linked to organizational excellence and national competitiveness. The article as well evaluates the implications of these interpretations for global management education, arguing that the East Asian perspective offers a distinct paradigm that integrates moral, cultural, and performance-oriented dimensions.

DANGEROUS THREATS IN THE INFORMATION AND PSYCHOLOGICAL SPHERE OF UKRAINE’S HUMANITARIAN SECURITY UNDER WAR CONDITIONS

2026-03-12T15:16:17+00:00

The purpose of the article is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of hazardous threats in the information and psychological domain of Ukraine’s humanitarian security under conditions of war. The study examines the nature of information and psychological influences as an integral component of hybrid aggression and identifies their destructive impact on the humanitarian sphere, in particular on education, culture, social relations, and the mental health of the population. It is scientifically substantiated that disinformation, manipulation of mass consciousness, and psychological pressure constitute systemic threats aimed at undermining social resilience and national identity. Special attention is paid to the role of the state and civil society in shaping effective mechanisms for countering information and psychological threats. It is also demonstrated that the effective provision of humanitarian security is possible only through comprehensive interaction between state institutions and civil initiatives, the development of strategic communications, and the enhancement of the population’s information culture. A priority and urgent task is to identify prospects for further scientific research in the field of developing information and psychological resilience of society under martial law and during Ukraine’s post-war transformation. The development of resilience—the ability of individuals, communities, systems, and the state to withstand stress, crises, and shocks, to adapt to them, and to recover – will make it possible to preserve core functions and ensure the sustainable development of the country.

THE IDEA OF EUROPEAN UNITY: FROM WESTPHALIA TO THE CONTEMPORARY RUSSO-UKRAINIAN WAR

2026-03-12T15:16:32+00:00

The article provides a retrospective analysis of the evolution of the "United Europe" idea, spanning from the Westphalian system to the realities of the russo-Ukrainian war’s impact. The study examines the transformation of integration models: from the philosophical "perpetual peace" projects of I. Kant and J.-J. Rousseau to the pragmatic pan-Europeanism of R. Coudenhove-Kalergi and the contemporary supranational structure of the European Union. Special attention is paid to the destructive factors threatening the integrity of the union at the present stage, specifically the erosion of a shared European identity and the intensification of eurosceptic discourse. The role of the full-scale russian invasion is highlighted as a catalyst for the EU's "geopolitical awakening," which necessitated a transition from the liberal paradigm of "peace through trade" toward strategic responsibility and the militarization of the idea of unity via the European Peace Facility. The author concludes that the EU's survival as a subject of international relations depends on resolving the conflict between the need for a rapid geopolitical response and the inertia of intergovernmental mechanisms.

LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT BODIES AS SUBJECTS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PUBLIC POLICY IN THE HEALTHCARE SECTOR

2026-03-12T15:16:42+00:00

The ambiguous impact of decentralization and centralization on public governance mechanisms in the health sector is examined through an analysis of domestic and international experience. The article substantiates the role of local self-government bodies as actors in implementing public health policy under decentralization and martial law. Particular emphasis is placed on the «Health in All Policies» principle and the need to implement it at regional and local levels through the development of a «healthy community». The paper analyses how decentralization/centralization affects sector governance, the regulatory foundations, and the differentiation of local self-government competences (own and delegated) in health care. The methodological framework includes a systems approach, institutional and comparative analysis, and examination of national legislation and international sources. Using the Vinnytsia City Territorial Community as a case study, the article demonstrates the importance of strategic planning and municipal targeted programmes as tools for strengthening population health, ensuring service accessibility, and increasing local system resilience in Ukraine during wartime. Successful international governance practices in selected countries (Switzerland, Norway, Denmark, Finland) are also highlighted. The article concludes that a combination of subsidiarity, clear delineation of competences, and adequate resource provision for communities is a prerequisite for effective implementation of public health policy and for adapting the system to contemporary threats.

BIOADAPTIVE METHOD: AN INTEGRATIVE MODEL OF NON-INVASIVE REJUVENATION BASED ON SKIN BIOREGULATION

2026-03-12T15:16:51+00:00

The direction of modern aesthetic medicine is pronounced in its preference for non-invasive methods that do not harm the skin and are focused on activating its internal repair mechanisms. On the one hand, this meets the needs for safe, natural, and personalized approaches to rejuvenation. On the other hand, this is the search for integrative methods based on the principles of bioregulation, which are becoming very relevant. In this regard, the stages of the author's bioadaptive method represent a comprehensive approach aimed at finding effective clinical strategies that combine manual techniques, neuromuscular stimulation and anatomical adaptation to restore the struct ure and function of the skin. This study aims to develop a new clinical model for an innovative non-invasive rejuvenation method, based on the joint influence of bioregulatory processes on the skin, neuromuscular system, and fascial structures, known as the bioa daptive method. The article presents the main parameters of the developed model, specifically the bioadaptive method, which is an extraordinarily innovative and original approach that reflects the physiological mechanism of skin bioregulation. The developed method involves a combination of three components, namely manual therapy, EMS (electrical nerve stimulation) and anatomical adaptation, which together form a clinical protocol aimed at restoring muscle-fascial balance, improving microcirculation, restoring skin tone without trauma and normalizing functions. The study was conducted using tools for linguosemantic analysis of both scientific and professional literature, as well as content analysis of clinical sources, in order to systematize key concepts and structural elements of effective non-invasive rejuvenation methods. The article highlights different types of aging (muscular, deformation-edematous, fine-wrinkled, etc.). Adaptive protocols recommended for use in the bioadaptive method for each morphofunctional manifestation are presented. Considerable attention is paid to the possibilities of physiological methods as an innovative way to solve problems with less invasiveness, as well as the effectiveness of active substances derived from plant extracts, adaptogens and muscle stimulants in local remedies. The importance of the bioadaptive approach in modern dermatoaesthetics as a means to achieve safe, personalized, and natural skin regeneration has been proven. The study's results can serve as the basis for further development and implementation of clinical protocols in the field of non-invasive aesthetic therapy. They can also provide a scientific foundation for the informed use of complex bioregulatory methods.

TRANSPARENCY IN DETAIL: CERAMIC LAYERING AGAINST PIGMENTATION IN THE CUTTING EDGE AREA

2026-03-12T15:17:01+00:00

The transparency of the incisal edge in the anterior region is a key parameter that determines the visual naturalness and realism of ceramic restorations. Two methods of achieving it are widely used in clinical practice: multilayer ceramic modeling and pigmenting with dyes. However, the choice between these approaches is often made intuitively, without taking into account their optical and long-term characteristics. Objective. To conduct a literature review to substantiate the effectiveness of a multilayer ceramic approach compared to pigmentation in creating a transparent incisal edge in anterior teeth. Materials and methods. A review of scientific publications for the period 2015-2024 on methods of simulating transparency in restorative dentistry was conducted. Results. Literature analysis and clinical observations indicate that layering allows for greater depth, optical naturalness, preservation of light transmission and anatomical reliability of mamelons. Pigmentation with dyes, especially dark shades, in the incisal edge area can create the effect of visual contamination, reducing the aesthetic value of the restoration. Literature analysis confirms that patients visually evaluate layered restorations better, especially on a light background (lower teeth, tongue). Conclusions. It is advisable to reproduce the transparency of the incisal edge using multilayer ceramic modeling with the use of transparent and translucent masses. This approach provides not only a high level of aesthetics, but also the stability of the result from an optical and clinical point of view. Analysis of modern literature sources confirms the feasibility of the advantage of layering over pigmentation in the manufacture of high-quality aesthetic restorations.

PROSPECTS FOR IMPLEMENTING BLUE ECONOMY INSTRUMENTS FOR THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE BLACK SEA REGION

2026-03-12T15:17:11+00:00

The article examines the concept of the blue economy as a key direction in the transformation of maritime and inland waterway transport under conditions of global environmental challenges. It demonstrates that current regulatory initiatives of international organizations and the European Union establish new requirements for maritime and inland waterway carriers and ports aimed at decarbonization and ecological adaptation of the sector. Considerable attention is devoted to technological innovations – green corridors, shore power, alternative fuels, and logistics digitalization – which have already proven their effectiveness globally and have significant potential for implementation in the Black Sea region. A special emphasis is placed on combining global practices with local developments, particularly research by Ukrainian scholars in the field of SMART ports. It is shown that the integrated use of international experience and national initiatives can create conditions for ecological port modernization, enhance competitiveness, and facilitate integration into European transport networks. The results indicate that implementing blue economy instruments in the Black Sea is not only feasible but necessary to ensure environmental resilience, economic growth, and social development in the region.