Academia Polonica

HOLISTIC AND ALTERNATIVE PEDAGOGICAL APPROACHES IN THE MODERN EDUCATION SYSTEM

Vafa Abbasova — 2026-08-10

The article examines the global changes taking place in the education system in modern times and the holistic education concept formed against the background of these changes. The study analyzes the challenges of the 21st century – digitalization, globalization, technological development, environmental problems and the transformation of the traditional education model in the context of the emergence of human capital. It is especially emphasized that the holistic education approach considers the intellectual, emotional, social and spiritual development of a person within a single system. The article comparatively analyzes the main principles, development theories and the teacher factor of alternative pedagogical models such as Waldorf and Montessori, and refers to the theoretical views of educators such as Rudolf Steiner, Maria Montessori, Lev Vygotsky, Carl Rogers and John Dewey. At the same time, global problems of modern education – issues such as digital inequality, adaptation to the labor market, emotional well-being, inclusion and teacher shortage – are examined, and ways to solve them are identified. As a result of the study, it was determined that the modern education system should be formed not only as a mechanism for transmitting knowledge, but also as a humanistic and flexible model that ensures the comprehensive development of the personality.

PROFESSIONAL READINESS OF FUTURE IT SPECIALISTS IN THE DIGITAL ERA: CONCEPTUALIZATION, STRUCTURE, AND LIFELONG LEARNING DIMENSIONS

Liudmyla Aleksіeіenko-Lemovska — 2026-08-10

The article addresses the problem of professional readiness of future IT specialists within the context of digital transformation, lifelong education, and contemporary educational paradigms. The relevance of the study is determined by the growing demands of the digital economy for professionals capable of adapting to rapid technological changes, engaging in continuous professional development, and effectively operating in innovation-driven environments. The aim of the article is to conceptualize the phenomenon of professional readiness of future IT specialists within the lifelong education system, substantiate its theoretical and methodological foundations, and identify its structural components in the context of Education 5.0 and the digital transformation of society. The study is based on a comprehensive theoretical analysis employing methods of scientific literature review, synthesis, comparison, systematization, and conceptual generalization. The methodological framework integrates system, competency-based, activity-oriented, personality-oriented, axiological, and synergetic approaches, which provide a holistic understanding of professional readiness as a multidimensional phenomenon. The findings suggest that professional readiness should be interpreted as an integrative personal and professional construct that combines professional knowledge, technological competencies, value orientations, reflective abilities, innovation capacity, and readiness for continuous self-development. A structural model of professional readiness is substantiated, comprising motivational and value, cognitive, operational and technological, personal and reflective, and innovation and self-educational components. It is argued that the interaction of these components ensures professional adaptability, mobility, innovation, and sustainable professional growth in rapidly changing technological environments. The scientific contribution of the study lies in clarifying the conceptual essence of professional readiness of future IT specialists, substantiating its structural organization, and identifying methodological foundations for further research within the lifelong education paradigm.

MAIN PROBLEMS IN THE TRANSLATION OF PARTICIPLE II CONSTRUCTIONS

Ruhlana Idris Baghirova — 2026-08-10

The conducted research shows that participle constructions used in the adverbial function in German are one of the important elements of the verb system and syntactic structure. In particular, participle II forms act not only as an infinitive form of the verb, but also as a functional means that create additional meaning relationships within the sentence. These constructions allow for a more concise and informative presentation of the idea by expressing additional circumstances, causes, conditions, concessions and consequences related to the main action. The research shows that when translating participle II constructions into Azerbaijani, it is not always possible to fully preserve their formal structure. The main reason for this is the differences between the grammatical and syntactic systems of the two languages. Therefore, various transformation methods are used in the translation process. During syntactic transformation, the participle construction is replaced by a broader sentence structure, while during grammatical transformation, various verb forms are used. Lexical and semantic transformations serve to convey the expressed meaning and stylistic nuances in the Azerbaijani language in a natural way. As a result of the research, it was determined that one of the main features of participle II forms is that they express a completed action and the state that has arisen as a result of that action.

SOCIAL MEDIA AS A HABITAT FOR HYBRID THREATS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF COMMUNICATION MODELS FOR PLATFORM REGULATION IN THE EU, THE U.S., AND CHINA

Nadiia Balovsiak — 2026-08-10

Social networks are increasingly viewed not as a neutral channel of communication, but as a structurally vulnerable media environment in which their architectural features – engagement algorithms, cross-border infrastructure, and minimal barriers to publication – facilitate the spread of manipulative content. This communicative vulnerability makes platform regulation not an optional tool of media policy, but a structural necessity. The aim of this article is to conduct a comparative analysis of three models of platform governance – those of the European Union, the United States of America, and the People’s Republic of China – through the lens of media theory, public sphere theory, and the communicative power of platforms. The study reveals that despite fundamental differences in approaches – the EU’s rights-based media policy, the U.S.’s security-oriented logic, and China’s sovereignty-based control – all three models face a common structural deficit: regulatory mechanisms systematically lag behind the pace of transformation in communication practices and technologies of manipulative influence. The article proposes a typology of communicative regulatory models (rights-based, security-based, and sovereignty-based) and argues that none of them eliminates the fundamental asymmetry between the speed of technological change and the speed of institutional response to these changes, but merely distributes the associated communicative risks and costs in different ways. The findings of this study are significant for the development of media policies in countries that, like Ukraine, are simultaneously targets of hybrid information threats and actors in shaping their own architecture of the digital communication space.

THE ROLE OF LEXICAL UNITS IN THE EXPRESSION OF COMPARISON

Ilaha Bayramova — 2026-08-10

The article examines the role of lexical units in the expression of comparison in German. It is noted that in the German language, comparative relations in the comparative field of adjectives manifest themselves in two forms: the absolute degree of the attribute and quality and the relative degree of the attribute and quality. The deviation of the attribute and quality specific to a certain object and event from the point determined by the norm is expressed by the comparative and superlative degrees of the adjective. This also indicates that the compared attributes are in an unequal relationship. The comparative is the first degree of multiplication of the adjective. This degree is used to show the inequality between the levels being compared in the language. The comparative is used to compare two things of the same kind. Comparative is used in the comparison of two identical objects. An adjective used in this degree is variable in its attributive function and unchanged in its predicative function.

BNC AND COCA AS CORPUS RESOURCES OF THE VERBAL EMOTICON IN CONTEMPORARY ENGLISH: REPRESENTATIVENESS, SEARCH TOOLS, AND LIMITS OF INTERPRETATION

Nataliia Bober — 2026-08-10

The article substantiates the methodological value of the British National Corpus and the Corpus of Contemporary American English for the study of the verbal emoticon in contemporary English. The verbal emoticon is defined as a functional-discursive category: a verbal unit or construction that names, frames, intensifies, evaluates, or performs emotion in a specific context. The category includes lexical nominations, predicative patterns, evaluative exclamatives, interjective formulas, metaphorical expressions, and phraseological units when they function as markers of affective stance or interpersonal alignment. The study argues that BNC and COCA should not be used as interchangeable sources. BNC provides documented British evidence and enables comparison between written and spoken material, while COCA offers a large American corpus with genre-sensitive access to frequency, KWIC, collocation, and diachronic distribution. The article develops a corpus-based procedure that combines inventory building, concordance reading, collocational and constructional analysis, genre comparison, and contextual annotation. It also defines the interpretive limits of corpus evidence: frequency measures textual representation rather than psychological occurrence; collocation indicates recurrent co-selection but does not explain meaning without context; and corpus architecture determines the scope of possible conclusions. The final section outlines the relevance of corpus-grounded semantic profiling for large language models, especially for emotion recognition, stance detection, and affect-sensitive language generation.

METAMODERN ETHICS AND THE FORMATION OF A EUROPEAN CULTURE OF TOLERANCE: CONTEMPORARY UKRAINIAN CULTURE IN A POST-TRAUMATIC CONTEXT

Iryna Bondarenko — 2026-08-10

This article examines the transformation of humanistic values in contemporary Ukrainian culture through the lens of the metamodern paradigm and contemporary European studies of tolerance. The relevance of the study stems from the urgent need to reconsider traditional models of tolerance in the context of Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine, post-traumatic social transformations, the decolonization of cultural space, and Ukraine's integration into the European humanitarian community. The study aims to identify the conceptual foundations of metamodern ethics as one of the key mechanisms for shaping a new model of tolerance within contemporary Ukrainian culture. The research is based on an interdisciplinary methodology that combines hermeneutic, cultural-historical, comparative-typological, and axiological approaches with the theoretical frameworks of postcolonial studies, metamodernism, and contemporary European theories of tolerance. The article traces the evolution of European models of tolerance and demonstrates their methodological affinity with the principles of metamodern culture. It identifies the principal cultural markers of metamodern ethics in contemporary Ukrainian culture, including new sincerity, the ethics of care, social solidarity, post-traumatic embodiment, the decolonization of cultural memory, inclusiveness, responsibility, and critical hope. Using Iryna Tsilyk's poem Hamam as a case study, the article explores a literary model of negotiating the boundaries of tolerance, responsibility, memory, and encounters with the Other in the context of wartime experience. The scholarly novelty of the study lies in its proposed conceptual synthesis of metamodern theory and contemporary European studies of tolerance as an interpretative framework for contemporary Ukrainian culture. The findings demonstrate that Ukrainian cultural experience not only contributes to Ukraine's integration into the European humanitarian space but also actively expands contemporary understandings of democratic values, responsible coexistence, and humanistic practices of post-war recovery.

DOCUMENTING WAR REALITY IN WOMAN’S EGO-NARRATIVE: A COMPARATIVE ASPECT (ASTRID LINDGREN AND LIUBOV DOLUK)

Nina Gerasimenko — 2026-08-10

The publication presents a comprehensive analysis of war narratives and the poetics of women’s diary discourse as a significant component of military ego-literature (based on the notes of Astrid Lindgren and Liubov Dolyk). The study examines the diary entries of two civilian female authors, reflecting the boundary experience of living through World War II and the contemporary Russian-Ukrainian War. It explores the transformation of the texts' genre structure, capturing both traditional and innovative poetical elements. The author argues that the analyzed ego-documents adhere to classical genre canons, characterized by chronological linearity, daily dating, the effect of the present tense, first-person narration, as well as a high degree of authenticity, sincerity, and confessional nature. At the same time, individual deviations from the classical genre model are identified: Lindgren actively incorporates the accounts (narratives) of other individuals into the structure of her storytelling, while the Ukrainian author, Dolyk, employs retrospective excursions. War in the diaries of both diarists is presented not merely as aggression or an external danger, but becomes a full-fledged living space; its depiction bridges the macro-level of official news chronicles with the micro-level of private family history. The conclusions emphasize that the diaries of A. Lindgren and L. Dolyk serve as significant sources and essential ego-documents that organically integrate the subjective experiences of the individual (narrator) into the nationwide wartime dimension.

AN INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO THE CONCEPT OF MULTICULTURALISM

Narmin Hasan Guliyeva — 2026-08-10

Until the last quarter of the 20th century, the human factor was neglected in the study of linguistic phenomena. It was only during this period anthropocentrism came to the forefront, and as a result, several new directions in linguistics were formed. Scientists began to study linguistic phenomena in the unity of concepts formed in the human mind through the interaction of language and culture, and reality. The concept is formed as a result of cognitive processes taking place in the mind and is represented in discourse through verbal and non-verbal means. The concept of "multiculturalism" possesses a complex content structure, characterized in some cases by its multilayered meanings and the most diverse possibilities of representation. This makes it difficult to schematically model it in the spatial algorithm of the "center – periphery – associative field" type. This concept finds its reflection and expression possibilities in practically all spheres of public life in both British and Azerbaijani societies and, accordingly, is realized in these areas through many verbal and non-verbal means. In this regard, the most significant feature of the concept of "multiculturalism" is its dynamic nature, since it is shaped within a communicative situation. The concept of "multiculturalism" as a phenomenon that resists to unambiguous interpretation and evaluation in various situational and verbal contexts in which it is verbally represented has a high evaluative potential. The process of explication of the concept of "multiculturalism" is a complex phenomenon shaped by various ideological interpretations of its content potential. Consequently, the conceptualized field of "multiculturalism" is represented in media discourse contexts with varying degrees of expressiveness, ideologically conditioned positive or negative evaluations. The conceptualized field of "multiculturalism", as the sphere of realization of the concept of the same name, in reality becomes quite diverse influenced by discursive factors across different types of communicative production.

COGNITIVE, SOCIAL AND PROCEDURAL VECTORS OF CRITICAL THINKING: FROM THEORY TO EDUCATIONAL IMPERATIVES

Iryna Horokhova — 2026-08-10

This study investigates the primary conceptualizations of critical thinking, synthesizing contemporary insights from Ukrainian philosophical and specialized literature. The author introduces a tripartite framework to categorize critical thinking into cognitive, social, and procedural vectors. The analysis demonstrates that higher-order cognitive skills are vital not only for academic advancement but also for bolstering civic engagement and professional efficacy. Rather than framing critical thinking as a series of reactive, isolated decisions, this paper posits it as a disciplined adherence to cognitive protocols where individual actions align with broader behavioral rationality. Consequently, the ultimate objective shifts from a merely accurate reaction to the proactive design of independent behavioral strategies. This procedural approach empowers individuals to actively influence and direct societal outcomes. Crucially, within the context of modern information warfare, critical thinking serves as an indispensable defense mechanism safeguarding human consciousness against media manipulation. Ultimately, the author frames critical thinking as a mode of rational self-reflection that allows individuals to monitor their own cognitive processes, appreciate diverse perspectives, and execute autonomous, well-calibrated choices based on systematic situational assessments. This reality charges the philosophy of education with an urgent mandate: to systematically explore and construct the pedagogical environments necessary for the successful cultivation of critical thinking.

LEARNER ERRORS IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE ACQUISITION AND EFFECTIVE CORRECTIVE FEEDBACK STRATEGIES

Bozhana Hulian — 2026-08-10

Error correction is an essential component of English language teaching and plays an important role in second language acquisition. This article discusses the nature of learner errors, their causes, and the significance of corrective feedback in the process of language learning. The present study is based on the analysis and synthesis of the existing research in the fields of Second Language Acquisition (SLA) and English Language Teaching (ELT). Three broad groups of learner errors, grammatical, lexical, and pronunciation errors, are given special attention since they are frequently met with in classroom practice and may affect both accuracy and communicative effectiveness. The article also examines the main reasons for error production, namely, first language interference, overgeneralization of language rules, developmental processes, and performance-based slips. The analysis demonstrates that learner errors are not simply indicators of failure, but rather indicators of the ongoing language expansion and development of interlanguage competence. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the importance of selecting appropriate correction strategies based on the type and origin of the error and the objectives of a given learning activity. The results suggest that successful error correction requires a balanced approach that considers both accuracy and fluency. Appropriate corrective feedback supports language development, promotes communicative competence, and fosters a positive learning environment that encourages active learner participation.

THE INTEGRATION OF VIDEO CONTENT AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF LISTENING SKILLS AMONG HIGHER EDUCATION STUDENTS WHEN LEARNING FOREIGN LANGUAGES

Viktoriia Imber — 2026-08-10

This article examines the specific features of integrating video content and artificial intelligence technologies into the process of developing listening skills among higher education students whilst they are learning foreign languages. The relevance of the study stems from the need to modernise foreign language training for future specialists in the context of the digital transformation of education, the development of artificial intelligence, and the growing role of multimedia technologies in the learning process. In the course of the study, the authors identified the main components of listening competence, determined the didactic potential of authentic video content, and analysed the potential of artificial intelligence tools for personalising learning, providing adaptive support, and enhancing the effectiveness of listening skills development. It has been established that the combination of multimodal video resources with artificial intelligence technologies contributes to improving the perception of foreign-language speech, the development of intercultural competence, increased motivation to learn foreign languages, and the formation of autonomous learning skills. The scientific novelty of the study lies in substantiating the feasibility of the comprehensive integration of video content and artificial intelligence technologies as means of developing the listening competence of higher education students and determining their impact on the quality of foreign language training in a digital educational environment.

INTERDISCIPLINARY TRANSFER FACTORS OF THE AMERICAN SOCIO-POLITICAL TERMS

Natalia Kemska — 2026-08-10

The article is devoted to the analysis of foreign language borrowings that are actively used to create complex terms and term combinations in modern American socio-political terminology. The borrowing of a term is most often caused by the need to nominate a new concept or phenomenon when the recipient language lacks terms to denote its own nomination of a scientific reality. The socio-political terminology is a dynamic system in which conceptual meanings are constantly updated primarily through a permanent process of interlingual influences and borrowings. The dynamics of borrowings is manifested in the fact that they are in motion, change their meaning, become widespread in various fields, and enter into lexical and semantic relations with autochthonous terms. Interlingual contacts most clearly determine monocultural exchange and interlingual influences of professional terminologies. After all, any terminology can be both a producer and a recipient of international vocabulary, mainly from Latin and Greek classical languages. We believe that borrowings from other languages play a significant role in the process of internationalisation of socio-political terminology.

„DICHTUNG UND WAHRHEIT“ IM MODERNEN UKRAINISCHEN MILITÄRDISKURS : AM BEISPIEL DES GEDICHTS „IN DER NÖRDLICHEN RICHTUNG HERRSCHT RUHE…“ VON ANATOLIY ANATOLIY

Liudmyla Kotvytska — 2026-08-10

Die vorliegende Untersuchung widmet sich dem zeitgenössischen ukrainischen Militärdiskurs in der Poesie im Spannungsfeld von Memorialisierung und Resistenz. Der Fokus richtet sich auf die Transposition brutaler Kriegsrealitäten (Faktizität / Wahrheit) in eine ästhetisierte Struktur (Dichtung). Im Rahmen dieser Untersuchung fungiert die methodische Aufarbeitung des Paradigmas „Dichtung und Wahrheit“ nicht als bloße komparative Parallele, sondern als tragfähiges Werkzeug der Heuristik. Wie Goethe darlegte, führt die Metamorphose der nackten Realität in ein künstlerisches Konstrukt keineswegs zur Verfälschung, sondern vielmehr zur Freilegung einer immanenten, transzendenten Wahrheit. Anhand eines Gedichts des unter dem Pseudonym Anatoliy Anatoliy publizierenden Autors, das bereits 2022 in die – erst später erschienene – Anthologie des Dichters und Oberstleutnants der Streitkräfte der Ukraine Volodymyr Tymtschuk „In principio erat Verbum: Ukraine. Poesie des Krieges“ aufgenommen wurde, wird aufgezeigt, wie die Bewahrung formaler Ästhetik und substanzieller Vitalität als Katalysator wirkt, um die Zivilgesellschaft mittels einer inhärenten Würde zu reaktivieren.

BIOGRAPHICAL STUDIES IN UKRAINE AND POLAND: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT STATE

Anastasiia Kovalyshyn — 2026-08-10

This article presents a comparative analysis of the current state of biographical studies in Ukraine and Poland as an interdisciplinary field within the humanities. It examines the principal centres of biographical research, the work of leading scholars, specialized academic journals, and national biographical projects in both countries. Particular attention is paid to the development of national biographical dictionaries as essential instruments for preserving historical memory, shaping national identity, and safeguarding cultural heritage. The study demonstrates that Polish biographical studies represent a classical model based on the long-standing tradition of compiling a printed national biographical dictionary, whereas Ukrainian biographical studies have developed a digital model centred on a national biographical resource. Despite differences in their historical development and institutional frameworks, both traditions share common methodological foundations and exhibit an increasing tendency towards scholarly cooperation. The research employs general scientific methods, as well as historical and comparative approaches.

EXPRESIVENESS IN ENGLISH TEXTS OF HOTEL TOURISM ADVERTISING: COMMUNICATIVE-PRAGMATIC AND SEMIOTIC APPROACHES

Nataliia Kuspis — 2026-08-10

The article is devoted to the communicative-pragmatic and semiotic study of the advertising texts in English. The purpose of the research topic is to determine the interface of expressive syntactic constructions and non-verbal means of expressiveness in the texts of English tourism advertising of the hotel business. The main methods of the study include expressive linguistic constructions of quantitative and qualitative analysis, as well as non-linguistic means. Qualitative analysis consists in conducting a detailed study of linguistic expressive means by comparing the texts with direct and covert recommendations. Quantitative analysis contains calculation of the proportion of the linguistic expressive means. To substantiate the level of expressiveness of advertising text in the hotel business in English, descriptive, comparative and generalizing methods are used. Functioning of expressive syntax of imperative sentences, inversion, modal verbs, as well as visual means are analyzed. The study showed that expressiveness plays an important role in the advertising text of tourist advertising, since by appealing to the feelings and emotions of the recipient, advertisers thus try to convince to use a specific type of hotel services. Among all the constructions of expressive syntax analyzed in the article, the greatest frequency of use belongs to stylistic inversion, which, due to its emotional and semantic coloring, enriches the advertising text with a high degree of expressiveness. The convincing frequency of imperative sentences in the texts allows the authors to presume that from the communicative-pragmatic and semiotic perspectives this type is among the most commonly used types of expressive structures in advertising texts in English. And the variety of non-verbal expressive means convincingly supplement verbal expressiveness. Due to the obtained analysis results, we can conclude that the use of communicative-pragmatic and semiotic approaches play an important role in advertising text, as it enables recipients to decode verbal and non-verbal elements of the advertising message.

PHONETIC PROCESSES IN THE HISTORY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE: MAIN TRENDS AND CONSEQUENCES TO THE PRESENT

Halyna Lysak — 2026-08-10

The article investigates the major phonetic processes that have shaped the English phonological system across its three main periods (Old English, Middle English, and Modern English) and traces the living consequences of those changes in contemporary standard pronunciation. The central argument is that English phonology is not a random accumulation of isolated shifts, but a coherent, systemic reorganisation driven by the interplay of internal phonological pressures and external socio-historical forces. The study analyses four processes: the Pre-Germanic consonant shift described by Grimm’s Law (c. 1st millennium BCE), the significant vowel shift of the Middle English period culminating in the Great Vowel Shift (c. 1400-1700 CE), the simplification of consonant clusters and the emergence of silent letters during the medieval era, and the phonologisation of fricatives triggered by Franco-Norman language contact after 1066. The methodology combines diachronic phonological analysis with elements of sociolinguistics and historical dialectology. The article argues that each major wave of change left sedimentary traces in Present-Day English: in the persistent mismatch between spelling and pronunciation, in morphophonological alternations visible in word pairs such as /naɪf/~/naɪvz/ or /ˈdɪvɪn/~/dɪˈvɪnɪti/, and in the ongoing simplification of the diphthong system recorded in contemporary Received Pronunciation. By foregrounding the cumulative, stratified nature of these changes, the article offers a theoretically grounded framework for understanding why modern English phonology is simultaneously conservative in its orthography and innovative in its spoken realisation.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AMONG HIGHER EDUCATION LECTURERS IN MODERN EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT

Tetiana Makarova — 2026-08-10

In the course of their research, the authors analysed academic approaches to interpreting the definition of ‘emotional intelligence’ and explored its essence and role in the professional practice of higher education lecturers. It is noted that contemporary transformational processes in higher education – linked to the digitalisation of the educational environment, the internationalisation of education, the spread of distance learning, and the increasing psycho-emotional strain on academic and teaching staff – highlight the importance of developing emotional intelligence as a key component of a lecturer’s professional competence. The relevance of the study stems from the need to foster in lecturers the ability to engage in effective emotional self-regulation, constructive interpersonal interaction, the prevention of professional burnout, and the creation of a psychologically comfortable educational environment. This paper summarises domestic and international research on emotional intelligence and analyses contemporary approaches to its development within the system of professional training and continuing professional development for lecturers at higher education institutions. It has been established that emotional intelligence is an integrative personality trait that combines the ability to recognise, understand and regulate one’s own emotions, recognise the emotional states of others, and develop empathy and effective communication. It has been demonstrated that a high level of emotional intelligence has a positive impact on the quality of teaching, professional resilience, adaptability to change and the effectiveness of interaction with all participants in the educational process.

L’EXTENSION METAPHORIQUE DU TERME RÉARMEMENT DANS LE DISCOURS PRÉSIDENTIEL D’EMMANUEL MACRON (2023-2026): DU DOMAINE MILITAIRE AUX POLITIQUES PUBLIQUES CIVILES

Valentyna Moisiuk — 2026-08-10

Cette étude analyse l'extension métaphorique du terme réarmement dans le discours présidentiel français entre décembre 2023 et janvier 2026. À partir de la théorie de la métaphore conceptuelle de Lakoff et Johnson, elle examine les mécanismes par lesquels un terme relevant initialement du domaine militaire est progressivement appliqué à différents domaines de l'action publique, notamment l'économie, l'éducation et la démographie. L'objectif de la recherche est de mettre en évidence les mécanismes d'extension conceptuelle du terme réarmement, d'identifier les principaux domaines cibles auxquels il est appliqué et d'analyser les fonctions cognitives, rhétoriques et idéologiques qu'il remplit dans le discours présidentiel. L'étude repose sur une approche qualitative inspirée de la Metaphor Identification Procedure (MIP) (Pragglejaz Group, 2007). Le corpus est constitué de six discours officiels prononcés par Emmanuel Macron entre décembre 2023 et janvier 2026. L'analyse met en évidence une évolution en trois étapes: une première extension vers les domaines économique et géopolitique, suivie d'une diffusion rapide vers plusieurs domaines civils, avant un retour progressif au sens militaire initial. Les résultats montrent que le terme réarmement fonctionne comme un cadre conceptuel structurant qui confère une cohérence discursive à des politiques publiques hétérogènes, renforce leur légitimation rhétorique et contribue à l'élargissement du champ de la sécurité vers des domaines traditionnellement civils. L'originalité de cette recherche réside dans l'analyse de l'évolution récente des emplois métaphoriques du terme réarmement dans le discours politique français, ainsi que dans la mise en évidence des mécanismes cognitifs qui sous-tendent cette extension conceptuelle.

BRITISH EXPERIENCE IN STANDARDIZATION OF THE IT INDUSTRY

Olena Nosyryeva — 2026-08-10

The article is devoted to a review and analysis of the features of standardization of professional training of computer specialists in higher education institutions of Great Britain. Thus, the issue of coordination of professional and educational standards as tools for effective management of the quality of higher education, in particular in the field of information and computer technologies, is considered. It is well known that one of the main conditions for the growth of the economic development of a particular country is high-quality professional training of future specialists for various sectors of the state’s economy. The choice of the country as the subject of the current study due precisely to the fact that demonstrates extremely high performance in the IT sphere, using the latest innovations that are effectively implemented, particularly in the IT education. «As catalysts of [these] innovations, British universities study the training of IT specialists in accordance with the requirements of the labor market, government requests and the needs of society» (Pazyura, 2019: 215). The system of training highly qualified specialists with a traditional focus on the development of human potential and continuous improvement of acquired experience, based on the concept of lifelong learning, has become an instrument of the British economic strategy at the national level. Currently, the British educational model of training specialists in the field of engineering and technology has become the most authoritative in the world in terms of quality and fundamentality of education, which is associated with a clear line of formation of a complex of professional competencies and their continuity at all educational levels, which is ensured by the basic principles of standardization as normalized bases for determining the content of training of higher education applicants in the IT field. This model is an example for Ukraine in the context of implementing the positive experience of the strategy of standardization of professional training of IT specialists.

INTERACTIVE PLATFORM MY ENGLISH LAB (MEL) IN ORGANIZING INDEPENDENT WORK OF FUTURE PHILOLOGY TEACHERS

Maria Prokopchuk — 2026-08-10

The article investigates the pedagogical and methodological potential of the interactive online platform MEL in the process of developing grammatical competence and learner autonomy among first-year philology students supported by Moodle Learning Management System (LMS) under conditions of blended learning. LMS is “a software application for the administration, documentation, tracking, and reporting of training programs, classroom and online events, e-learning programs, and training content” (Ellis, 2009, p. 1). Particular attention is devoted to the transformation of higher education in Ukraine in response to contemporary social challenges, including frequent air-raid interruptions and the growing necessity for flexible digital learning environments. The study analyses the role of MEL as a component of a dual LMS model integrated with Moodle and examines its influence on the organization of students’ independent work. The research highlights the relationship between digital educational technologies and the formation of professional, communicative, social, individual, and personal competences of future teachers. Special emphasis is placed on learner autonomy, self-regulated learning, reflective educational practices, and the transformation of the teacher’s role from knowledge transmitter to facilitator and mediator within the digital learning environment. The article also characterizes the structural and functional components of MEL, including assignments, grading systems, diagnostic instruments, automated assessment tools, and multimedia educational resources.

PRECONDITIONS FOR FORMATION OF ARTISTIC REFLECTION AMONG PRESCHOOL CHILDREN: INSTRUCTIONAL ASPECT

Lуudmyla Rakityanska — 2026-08-10

The article examines the preconditions for formation of artistic reflection among pre-school children, as determined by regulatory documents on education. It is emphasized that the requirement for the formation of reflection as a mental property of an individual is formulated in regulatory documents on education at all levels – preschool, general secondary, higher (professional) one, which indicates its importance as a cross-cutting mental quality in the structure of an individual. Given the complexity of the phenomenon of reflection in the context of the age characteristics of preschoolers, as well as taking into account the specifics of music as an intonation-sound art that is perceived by the organ of hearing, the article specifies the content of the musical-sensory development of preschoolers as a necessary stage that precedes and contributes to the effective formation of their artistic reflection.

VALEURS SOCIALES DANS LA PUBLICITÉ COMMERCIALE: QUELS ENJEUX EN CLASSE DE LANGUE-CULTURE ÉTRANGÈRE?

Diana Rusnak — 2026-08-10

Dans l’article est décrite la publicité commerciale comme source riche de codes socioculturels ainsi que comme outil didactique inépuisable. L’objectif de la recherche était de réfléchir sur le rôle et la place de valeurs sociales dans la publicité commerciale ainsi que sur ses enjeux pour l’enseignement interculturel de futurs philologues qui apprennent le français comme deuxième langue étrangère. Le corpus de l’étude est constitué de spots publicitaires français de marque Intermarché de dix dernières années sélectionnées sur YouTube. Tous les spots sélectionnés sont créés par l’agence française Romance et font partie de la saga de l’enseigne Intermarché, propageant la qualité des produits frais et l’idée du mieux manger, Les critères de sélection étaient le storytelling comme technique de narration et la chanson célèbre en fond sonore. En résultat, le rôle et la place des valeurs sociales dans la publicité commerciale ont été définis. En particulier, ont été étudiés les valeurs sociales dans une dizaine de spots publicitaires de marque française Intermarché. Tenant compte de la spécificité polysémiotique de la publicité télévisée, certaines pistes d’exploitation des spots sélectionnés ont été proposées selon une approche multimodale. La conclusion est faite qu’intégrer la publicité commerciale d’Intermarché en salle de classe comme support d’enseignement / apprentissage interculturel des étudiants a plusieurs avantages des points de vue communicatif, éducatif et socioculturel tant que cette publicité peut servir de déclencheur d’activités à contenu intégré.

PHRASEOLOGICAL COMBINATIONS WITH NUMBER COMPONENTS USED IN THE EPOS OF KITABI-DEDE GORGUD

Asmar Safarli — 2026-08-10

The article examines the structural-semantic and functional characteristics of phraseological combinations with number components used in the epic “Kitabi-Dede Gorgud”. During the research, fixed expressions with number components in the text of the epic were identified, their lexical-semantic characteristics, mythological sources and stylistic functions were analyzed. It was determined that number components act not only as quantitative indicators in the epic, but also form an important element of epic thinking, mythological worldview and poetic expression system. A comparative analysis of phraseologisms containing sacred and ritual numbers (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 14, 32, 40, 1000) with modern Turkic languages demonstrates the heritage potential of the language of the monument.

STYLISTIC SHIFTS IN EVERYDAY CONVERSATION: THE ROLE OF CONTEXT AND COMMUNICATIVE INTENTION

Nargiz Salimova — 2026-08-10

The paper is a detailed investigation into the stylistic changes in colloquial conversation at the intersection of sociolinguistics, pragmatics and stylistics. Language is not a static phenomenon, but a dynamic organism, which is constantly changing in accordance with the communicative environment, social relationships, and individual intentions of the speaker. The study explores the use of formal and informal registers, emotional expressions and modern slang in different contextual settings (social, situational, cultural) and digital media. Moreover, speakers’ conscious language choices are interpreted through Howard Giles’s Communication Accommodation Theory and Paul Grice’s theory of conversational implicature. The findings show that style-shifting is never random, but rather a very strategic and functional behaviour, which is used to create social solidarity, to show politeness, to persuade interlocutors or to maintain status. In the age of modern digital communication and globalization, stylistic flexibility has become an indispensable part of successful human interaction.

TRANSFORMATION OF METHODOLOGICAL TRAINING OF FUTURE GEOGRAPHY TEACHERS ON THE BASIS OF THE CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Maryana Salyuk — 2026-08-10

The article provides a theoretical and methodological analysis of the transformation of the system of training future geography teachers in the context of the implementation of the sustainable development paradigm. Global environmental, social and economic challenges necessitate a rethinking of the methodological training of teachers, since geography is an important integrative discipline for the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Based on a review of the scientific literature, five important components of the sustainable development competence of a geography teacher have been identified: systemic-spatial, prognostic, normative-value, transformative-pedagogical and reflective-personal. A conceptual model of the transformation of methodological training is proposed, which includes the reorientation of the target component (training of a "teacher-agent of change"), modernization of the content of disciplines (integration of SDGs, local context), introduction of innovative technologies (GIS, STEM projects, problem-based learning, simulation games) and transformation of assessment procedures (authentic assessment, reflective portfolio). International experience (European countries) and individual Ukrainian practices are summarized. The results of the study can be used to develop updated educational programs for teacher training in higher education institutions.

PIANIST’S PERFORMING CREATIVITY AS A DISTINCT FORM OF ARTISTIC ACTIVITY

Tetiana Shevchenko — 2026-08-10

The article is devoted to the theoretical understanding of the pianist’s performing creativity as a distinct form of artistic activity. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to clarify the creative status of musical performance in contemporary musicology, where the relationship between the musical text, interpretation, and artistic meaning-making remains a subject of scholarly debate. The study argues that performing creativity cannot be regarded merely as a process of reproducing a fixed authorial text. Its specificity lies in the creation of a new artistic reality of sound that emerges through the musician’s interpretative activity. The article reveals the interaction between the structural determinacy of a musical work and the freedom of artistic interpretation. It demonstrates that the performer’s creative space is formed through intonation, articulation, dynamics, agogics, pedaling, timbral thinking, and sonic dramaturgy. The artistic image is identified as the central outcome of performing creativity, enabling the transition of a musical work from the sphere of textual fixation to that of cultural experience. Musical performance is proposed as a process of meaning-making that unfolds through the interaction of the musical text, the performer’s personality, and listeners’ perception. It is demonstrated that the creative nature of piano performance is manifested not in the creation of a new musical text but in the formation of new modes of its artistic existence within cultural space.

INTEGRATING AI-ASSISTED TRANSLATION TOOLS INTO FOREIGN LANGUAGE CURRICULA

Inna Shkarban — 2026-08-10

The widespread adoption of Neural Machine Translation (NMT) platforms and Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI), in particular Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT, Gemini, Claude, and DeepSeek has precipitated a profound paradigm shift in the landscape of foreign language education. The article investigates the multifaceted integration of AI-assisted translation tools into modern language curricula. By synthesising empirical literature and systematic reviews published between 2021 and 2026, the analysis delineates the critical friction points characterising the contemporary educational environment. The notable behavioural divergence between student adoption and institutional resistance highlights the dynamics often defined by educators’ persistent concerns about academic dishonesty, cognitive short-circuiting, and the erosion of intrinsic motivation. However, empirical evidence unequivocally demonstrates that prohibiting these ubiquitous technologies, such as attempting to engineer “AI-irrelevant” classrooms, is both practically pointless and pedagogically detrimental. Instead, this research advocates for a constructivist pedagogical model centred on the formalized development of AI Translation Literacy. By critically examining the cognitive and socio- cultural dynamics of self-regulated AI use, the report highlights that these algorithmic tools can effectively scaffold learning, provide automated corrective feedback, and significantly enhance second language (L2) acquisition outcomes when used intentionally. Furthermore, the analysis identifies the inherent risks of a “dependency trap”, algorithmic bias, and cultural homogenization, arguing that modern learners must be systematically transitioned from passive consumers of AI outputs to critical, highly skilled post-editors. By establishing targeted pedagogical competencies, educators can leverage AI not as a surrogate for human cognition, but as a collaborative engine to advance metalinguistic awareness and foster autonomous, cross-cultural communication.

REPRESENTATION OF THE RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN WAR IN ENGLISH PUBLICISTIC DISCOURSE: LINGUOSTYLISTIC AND TRANSLATION ASPECTS

Nataliia Tatsenko — 2026-08-10

The article examines how English-language publicistic texts represent the Russian-Ukrainian war through lexical choice, metaphor, evaluation, narrative perspective and pragmatic framing. The study treats war journalism not only as a channel of information but also as a field where political meanings, ethical judgments and national identities are constantly negotiated. The analysis focuses on recurring naming patterns such as war, invasion, aggression, occupation, liberation, resistance and resilience; on metaphors that conceptualise Ukraine as a defending community and Russia as an aggressor; and on syntactic structures that may either clarify or blur agency. A separate part of the article discusses translation into Ukrainian. It is argued that Ukrainian translation should preserve factual precision, restore clear agency where English headlines compress responsibility, avoid uncritical transfer of euphemisms, and keep a balance between publicistic expressiveness and scholarly accuracy. The theoretical basis combines sociolinguistic views on language policy, language situation and linguistic landscape with discourse-oriented attention to public communication. The sources visible in the screenshots are used as the main bibliographic foundation, especially works on language policy, language situation, naming, linguistic landscapes and multilingual contexts. The article demonstrates that the translation of war discourse is not a mechanical replacement of words but a culturally responsible act of interpretation. A translator must understand both English media conventions and Ukrainian social sensitivity to occupation, state language, memory, trauma and security. The proposed observations may be useful for students of translation, journalists, editors and researchers of contemporary political discourse.

LEXICAL TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE MODERN UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE UNDER MARTIAL LAW: SOURCES OF ENRICHMENT AND FUNCTIONING OF NEW VOCABULARY

Valentyna Tymkova — 2026-08-10

The article examines the dynamic changes in the vocabulary of the modern Ukrainian language caused by martial law and large-scale social transformations in Ukraine. The main directions of the renewal of the lexical system are analyzed, including the formation of neologisms, the activation of native Ukrainian vocabulary, the spread of military terminology, the semantic reinterpretation of existing lexical units, the processes of foreign borrowings, and the formation of new phraseological constructions. It has been established that contemporary linguistic processes reflect not only the need to name new wartime realities but also socio-political, cultural, and psychological changes in Ukrainian society. Particular attention is paid to the role of mass media, Internet communication, social networks, and publicistic discourse in the rapid dissemination and consolidation of new vocabulary. The paper provides examples of current lexical units that have become symbolic of the wartime period and reflect public sentiments, national self-identification, and the emotional and evaluative attitudes of Ukrainians toward present-day events. It is emphasized that the modern Ukrainian language demonstrates a high level of adaptability and the ability to respond promptly to historical challenges through the active renewal of its vocabulary.

ENGLISH-LANGUAGE PSYCHOLOGICAL DISCOURSE: A TRANSLATION STUDIES PERSPECTIVE

Nataliia Tymoshchuk — 2026-08-10

The article examines the peculiarities of translating English psychological terminology into Ukrainian and identifies the most effective translation methods used to ensure semantic accuracy and communicative adequacy. The relevance of the study is determined by the growing popularity of psychological literature and the need for a consistent rendering of specialized terminology in Ukrainian. The research aims to analyze the main translation techniques applied to English psychological terms and to determine their frequency and effectiveness. The corpus of the study comprised 128 terms selected from English-language professional psychology texts and their Ukrainian translations. The findings indicate that the most frequently employed techniques are variant equivalent selection (33%), calque translation (25%), and dictionary equivalents (21%). Less common methods include concretization, generalization, contextual substitution, semantic development, descriptive translation, part-of-speech substitution, and transcoding. The study demonstrates that the choice of translation method depends on a term's semantic characteristics, its degree of standardization in the target language, and its use context.

SPRACHVARIABILITÄT DER MAHLZEITENBEZEICHNUNGEN IM PLURIZENTRISCHEN DEUTSCH

Tetyana Verbytska — 2026-08-10

Der vorliegende Artikel untersucht die sprachliche Variabilität von Mahlzeitenbezeichnungen im plurizentrischen Deutsch. Im Mittelpunkt steht der Vergleich lexikalischer sowie phonologisch-phonetischer Merkmale in den drei nationalen Standardvarietäten des Deutschen (Deutschland, Österreich und die deutschsprachige Schweiz) sowie im Halbzentrum Südtirol. Darüber hinaus wird die tatsächliche Sprachverwendung in der Mediensprache berücksichtigt, wodurch das Verhältnis zwischen der kodifizierten Norm („Soll-Norm“) und der Sprechwirklichkeit („Ist-Norm“) analysiert werden kann. Die empirische Grundlage bilden lexikalische Einheiten zur Bezeichnung von Haupt- und Zwischenmahlzeiten sowie deren transkribierte Ausspracheformen, die in aktuellen Aussprachewörterbüchern und in der Mediensprache dokumentiert sind. Methodisch stützt sich die Forschung auf vergleichende, kontrastive und deskriptive Ansätze, ergänzt durch Elemente der perzeptiven Analyse. Die Relevanz der Studie ergibt sich aus der Notwendigkeit, die Plurizentrik der deutschen Sprache im DaF- und DaZ-Unterricht mit Fokus auf Varietäten- und Positionierungskompetenz zu berücksichtigen, damit die Lernenden und Lehrenden kommunikationsfähig und in verschiedenen Sprach- und Kultursituationen vorbereitet sind; und aus der Bedeutsamkeit für die kommunikative, Variations- und Medienlinguistik.

DIALOGUE BETWEEN THE AUTHORITIES AND THE VETERAN SECTOR WITHOUT BARRIERS: PROBLEMS AND EXPERIENCE

Petro Vorona — 2026-08-10

The article examines the features of implementing a barrier-free dialogue between veteran public organizations and civil society institutions. Special attention is paid to the features of the post-traumatic state of veterans, the features of communication with them and the conduct of socio-psychological rehabilitation. The article reveals the specifics of the need for changes in veteran policy to overcome the main obstacle – a high level of complexity and bureaucracy in this area. The authors consider the features of training and retraining veterans for employment, the features of the communicative process in this regard. The features of foreign experience in shaping the policy of socio-psychological adaptation and rehabilitation of participants in hostilities in Ukraine are considered. In addition, practical recommendations are given to representatives of public authorities for the methodology of communication with participants in hostilities, their problems after returning to civilian life are highlighted.

STUDENTS’ RESEARCH ACTIVITIES IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS OF THE NEW UKRAINIAN SCHOOL

Lesia Vysochan — 2026-08-10

This study analyses the theoretical and methodological foundations of organising pupils’ research activities in the New Ukrainian School and identifies its role in the formation of key competences and the personal development of learners in the context of contemporary educational reforms. The relevance of the study is highlighted by the need to implement a competence-based model of learning, focused on the development of critical thinking, creativity, independence, innovation and pupils’ capacity for lifelong learning and informed career choice. The conceptual foundations of inquiry-based learning have been analysed, along with the characteristics of implementing competence-based, activity-based and STEM approaches in the modern educational process, and their impact on the development of pupils’ research competence has been identified. Modern approaches to organising research activities through the development of independent learning skills, problem-based and project-based learning, support for creatively gifted pupils and the fostering of sustained motivation for scientific inquiry are summarised. It has been established that the systematic implementation of research-based teaching methods contributes to the development of cognitive activity, information, communication and digital literacy, critical thinking, the ability to analyse and interpret information, work in a team and present the results of one’s own work. It has been demonstrated that the integration of research activities into the educational process of the New Ukrainian School (NUS) fosters the development of competent, creative and competitive individuals, capable of innovative activity, self-fulfilment and effective functioning in today’s information society.

BETWEEN PROPAGANDA AND NATIONAL NARRATIVE: LITTLE RED RIDING HOOD IN SOVIET, RUSSIAN, AND UKRAINIAN POPULAR SONG CULTURE

Nataliia Yuhan — 2026-08-10

The article offers a comparative analysis of three musical interpretations of the fairy-tale narrative of Little Red Riding Hood: the Soviet “Song of Little Red Riding Hood” (lyrics by Y. Kim, music by O. Rybnikov, 1977), the contemporary Russian musical composition “Rapira – Little Red Riding Hood (New Song 2026)” (text by H. Valovenko), and the Ukrainian reinterpretation “Little Red Riding Hood in Ukrainian Style. Hit of the Season” (2026), created by the creative group “Spas, Random, Producer, Ptakha and AI”. The study is based on comparative literary, cultural, reception, and imagological approaches and focuses on the transformation of the Western European fairy-tale archetype in contemporary popular culture of East Slavic countries. It has been established that the figure of Little Red Riding Hood functions as a flexible narrative archetype capable of representing different models of worldview and social subjectivity. The Soviet version constructs an image of a harmonious and safe world aimed at fostering collective optimism and social integration. The contemporary Russian interpretation represents a militarized game space in which violence is aestheticized and transformed into an element of mass entertainment. In contrast, the Ukrainian version builds a narrative of compelled resistance to external aggression, combining wartime experience with intergenerational solidarity, national memory, and a longing for peace. It has been demonstrated that the traditional fairy-tale plot in the contemporary media environment ceases to function solely as a children’s narrative and becomes an instrument for constructing ideological models that reflect societal understandings of conflict, the Other, violence, and national identity.

THE MAGIC OF THREE IN LEGAL DISCOURSE: THE ART OF PERSUASION IN THE COURTROOM

Margaryta Zaitseva — 2026-08-10

Modern courtroom rhetoric demands optimal structural framework to maximise the persuasiveness of argumentation under conditions of extreme information overload and emotional stress. This study provides a comprehensive pragmalinguistic analysis of the three-part compositional model as an instrument of strategic persuasion and refutation within polemical legal discourse. Grounded in linguopragmatics and discourse analysis, the research utilises contextual, semantic, and compositional-stylistic methods to examine how legal professionals transform neutral linguistic resources into emotionally evaluative tools. The empirical data comprises the closing arguments and judicial transcripts from the high-profile Paul J. Caneiro Trial (2026). The findings demonstrate that structural triads are rooted in human pattern recognition, functioning as the minimal numerical value required to establish cognitive equilibrium and systemic finality in court. The analysis reveals how the prosecution successfully realised three distinct triadic structures to achieve an unassailable perlocutionary effect. Conversely, the defense attempted to break these patterns by fragmenting the state's triadic pillars of proof. Integrating linguistic transformations with a three-part compositional model victory.turns normative legal logic into a psychologically compelling mechanism of complete

FUNCTIONAL-SEMANTIC ANALYSIS OF LEXICAL UNITS IN ASHIG ALASGAR'S POEM

Arifa Zeynalova — 2026-08-10

The work of Ashiq Alasgar constitutes one of the most mature and systematic stages of Azerbaijani ashiq poetry. His poetic heritage is rich in both content and language and reflects the breadth of folk thinking, national aesthetic thought and artistic expression possibilities. This study examines the lexical features of Ashiq Alasgar's work, in particular the principles of development of words of Arabic and Persian origin, as well as dialect units. The main purpose of the article is to determine the functional role of the multilayered lexical system in his language and to reveal the importance of these words in creating poetic meaning. The methodological basis of the study is descriptive and comparative methods. Through the descriptive method, the lexical units used in the poet's language were systematically presented, and through the comparative method, the origin and functional characteristics of these words were analyzed. In addition, the semantic shades acquired by the words within the text were determined by applying the contextual analysis method. Ashiq Alasgar's style is built on the unity of simplicity and depth. He skillfully combined folk colloquial language with classical poetic elements, creating a system of expression that is both clear and effective. In his work, the word acts not only as a carrier of meaning, but also as the main artistic means carrying emotional and aesthetic load. As a result, the artist's lexicon, in addition to demonstrating the richness of the Azerbaijani language, also played an important role in the development of ashiq poetry.

GLOBAL PRACTICES IN LIFELONG LEARNING AND THEIR ADAPTATION TO THE UKRAINIAN EDUCATION SYSTEM

Nataliia Zlenko — 2026-08-10

This study analyses definitions of lifelong learning, examines the theoretical foundations of the concept of continuous education, and explores the specific features of its implementation within the international educational landscape. It is noted that lifelong learning is one of the key factors in the development of human capital, ensuring individual competitiveness and the sustainable socio-economic development of the state in the context of globalisation, digitalisation and rapid changes in the labour market. The relevance of the study is confirmed by the need to modernise the Ukrainian education system in line with European approaches to ensuring accessible and high-quality education for citizens of all age groups. The paper analyses global practices in implementing the concept of lifelong learning using the example of European countries, in particular the specific features of the regulatory framework for adult education, the development of digital learning, micro-qualifications and the recognition of the outcomes of non-formal and informal education. It has been established that the effectiveness of continuing education systems is ensured through a combination of state support, flexible educational pathways, the use of digital technologies, and close interaction between educational institutions and the labour market. The prospects for adapting global experience to the Ukrainian education system are substantiated, including the development of adult education, the digitalisation of the educational environment, the introduction of micro-qualifications, the recognition of non-formal learning outcomes, and the development of critical thinking. It has been concluded that the implementation of best international practices will help to improve the quality of education, enhance the professional mobility of the population, and facilitate Ukraine’s integration into the European educational area.

INNOVATION IN UKRAINE’S POST-WAR RECOVERY GOVERNANCE: DIGITAL INFRASTRUCTURE, TRANSPARENCY AND ENTREPRENEURIAL RENEWAL

Glib Aleksin — 2026-08-10

This paper considers Ukraine’s post-war recovery through the lens of innovation governance. Its central claim is that reconstruction will be determined not only by the volume of pledged capital, but also by the quality of the institutional and digital systems that identify needs, verify beneficiaries, coordinate projects, disburse funds, monitor implementation and protect public trust. Ukraine experienced the second stage of war since February 2022 with a strong digital state infrastructure, and the war has turned this capacity into a practical instrument of resilience. The study uses a qualitative descriptive approach, triangulating open data and policy materials from the World Bank, the National Bank of Ukraine, the European Commission, the OECD, Ukrainian government platforms, and specialised analytical sources. The paper analyses five mutually reinforcing innovation layers: digital payments and instant settlement; GovTech services and beneficiary-centred disbursement through Diia and eRecovery; open contracting and reconstruction coordination through DREAM; emerging financial innovations such as open banking, programmable transfers, tokenisation and blockchain-based audit trails; and digital entrepreneurship-support instruments that connect recovery finance with jobs, local production and SME resilience. The findings show that innovation in recovery governance works primarily as a trust-production mechanism. It lowers information asymmetry for donors and investors, reduces administrative friction for citizens and firms, and makes reconstruction projects more visible to communities and external finance institutions. At the same time, the paper stresses that innovation is not a substitute for institutional capacity. Incomplete registries, cybersecurity risks, digital exclusion, weak local capacity may limit the effectiveness of otherwise advanced platforms.

RATIONALIZATION AS A WAY OF FORMING AND IMPLEMENTING NAZI DISCOURS IN HITLER’S GERMANY AND MODERN PUTIN’S RUSSIA

Mariia Bratasiuk — 2026-08-10

This article attempts to explore the origins, factors, and methods of establishing German Nazism in the 1920s and 1930s and the modern, modern Russian Putin Nazism. Special emphasis is placed on rationalization as a way of forming and implementing the practice of both German and Russian Nazism. It is shown that the formation of the Nazi discourse was related to socio-economic, political, historical, psychological, cultural, etc. factors. Rationalization as a way to keep the population in submission and a means of justifying criminal Nazi policies in both Hitler's Germany and Putin's Russia was carried out through the use of school and university education, the involvement of professors in Nazi propaganda, and the active adaptation of psychological, historical, philological, philosophical, etc. theories and positions. That is, Putin's Nazism, like Hitler's, strives to be scientific. Сontradictory, double-minded thinking, which is designed to help justify V. Putin's imperial ambitions and war in Ukraine. Hitler's Nazism and Putin's are very similar, most importantly, in essence – Nazism, regardless of the country of formation and spread, is the exaltation, elevation, and affirmation of the exclusivity of one's people, nation, and ethnicity over all others, which are declared inferior. This is violence against "alien" people and society, contempt for human lives, their destruction, in general, contempt and destruction of universal human values, therefore Nazism is dangerous. Therefore, all progressive humanity and its governments must unite efforts to overcome it in any form.

A MULTIDIMENSIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR EVALUATING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE GOVERNANCE

Yurii Cherleniuk — 2026-08-10

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly used to support healthcare governance by improving planning, resource allocation, policy development, and organizational decision-making. However, existing approaches to AI evaluation remain largely focused on technical performance and clinical effectiveness, providing limited guidance for assessing AI systems used in healthcare management and public administration. This study aims to develop a multidimensional framework for evaluating the effectiveness of AI in healthcare governance. The study is based on a narrative review and synthesis of contemporary scientific literature, international guidelines, health technology assessment frameworks, and AI governance recommendations. The proposed framework integrates six complementary evaluation dimensions: technical, clinical, organizational, economic, governance, and ethical. For each dimension, key evaluation objectives and recommended indicators are identified based on evidence from international methodological frameworks and recent research. The framework is intended to support healthcare managers, policymakers, researchers, and healthcare organizations in conducting comprehensive assessments of AI systems throughout their lifecycle. Unlike existing approaches that typically evaluate individual aspects of AI implementation, the proposed framework combines multiple evaluation perspectives into a unified model specifically tailored to healthcare governance. The findings contribute to the development of standardized approaches for evaluating AI-enabled decision support systems and may facilitate more evidence-informed adoption of AI technologies in healthcare management.

HISTORICAL AND LEGAL PRECONDITIONS FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF EUROPEAN UNION AGENCIES

Viktoriia Formaniuk — 2026-08-10

The article examines the historical and legal preconditions for the establishment of European Union agencies as specific administrative bodies within the EU legal order. The relevance of the topic is determined by the fact that EU agencies have become important instruments for the implementation of Union policies, although their development was not initially directly provided for by the founding treaties. The article argues that the emergence of EU agencies was caused by the gradual complication of European integration, the expansion of the internal market, the need for technical expertise, the development of regulatory policies and the search for more flexible forms of administrative governance. Special attention is paid to the early stage of agency formation in the 1970s, the new wave of agencification in the 1990s, and the transformation of agencies after the Maastricht, Amsterdam, Nice and Lisbon Treaties. The study shows that the establishment of EU agencies was not a random institutional process but a response to functional needs of the Union. It is concluded that the historical and legal evolution of EU agencies reflects the transformation of the EU from a primarily economic community into a complex system of multilevel public administration.

CHINA’S MODEL FOR FUTURE SKILLS DEVELOPMENT: FROM OVERSEAS STUDY TO WORK-INTEGRATED LEARNING

Michael Girel — 2026-08-10

The rapid transformation of global labor markets has intensified demand for future skills that extend beyond disciplinary knowledge to include professional communication, intercultural competence, networking capacity, and innovation-oriented thinking. Traditional university-based instruction and fully online learning formats increasingly struggle to cultivate these competencies within authentic professional environments. This article examines China’s contemporary model of future skills development through international work-integrated learning, with particular attention to structured internships in European companies. Adopting a historically grounded perspective, the study traces continuity between early twentieth-century Chinese overseas study initiatives, mid-twentieth-century educational exchanges with the Soviet Union, and today’s state-supported international internship programs. These experiences have informed the design of current learning strategies that integrate academic preparation with real-world professional immersion. The article analyses the objectives, institutional infrastructure, and pedagogical logic underpinning China’s international internship model, highlighting its emphasis on professional communication, network formation, engagement with European innovation ecosystems, and the cultivation of entrepreneurial and start-up mindsets among young specialists. As an applied case study, the article presents the China–EU Internship project initiated by AuxBridge, which places young Chinese specialists and university graduates in European companies and R&D teams. The case demonstrates how international internships function as work-integrated learning environments that support future skills development and cross-border knowledge exchange.

INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN UKRAINE: CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL FOUNDATIONS, ANTI-CRISIS MECHANISMS, LEADERSHIP, AND DOCUMENTARY-COMMUNICATION PROCESSES

Yana Kachan — 2026-08-10

The article provides a comprehensive study of the institutional support of public administration in Ukraine under conditions of governance transformation, digitalization of administrative processes, European integration, and the functioning of the state during martial law. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the theoretical and practical foundations for the development of the institutional capacity of public authorities through the analysis of constitutional and legal mechanisms, anti-crisis management instruments, human resource potential, and documentary-communication support. The study establishes that the effectiveness of public administration is determined by the level of coherence among legal, organizational, human resource, and information-communication mechanisms that ensure the implementation of public policy, coordination of the activities of public authorities, and interaction between the state and civil society. The decisive role of constitutional and legal foundations in shaping the institutional architecture of public authority and ensuring the principles of the rule of law, legality, openness, and accountability is substantiated. It is proven that under conditions of security threats and martial law, priority importance is attached to anti-crisis management mechanisms aimed at maintaining the resilience of public institutions, ensuring the continuity of public service delivery, and enhancing the adaptability of the governance system to crisis challenges. The study determines that improving the effectiveness of public authorities requires the development of professional competence, leadership potential, and ethical responsibility among public servants. The impact of the digitalization of administrative processes, electronic document management, and modern information and communication technologies on the quality of managerial decision-making, transparency of public authorities, and the level of interaction between the state and citizens has been established. It is concluded that the modernization of the institutional support of public administration in Ukraine should be based on a comprehensive combination of constitutional and legal, organizational, human resource, and digital mechanisms aimed at strengthening the institutional capacity of the state, developing democratic governance practices, and ensuring sustainable social development.

DAMAGES TO AZERBAIJANI HEALTHCARE AS A RESULT OF ARMENIAN AGGRESSION

Nazim Rahbar Mammadov — 2026-08-10

This article examines the extensive damage inflicted on the healthcare infrastructure of Azerbaijan as a result of Armenian military aggression and occupation during the First Karabakh War. Based on archival documents, official statistics, scientific literature, and historical sources, the study analyzes the destruction of hospitals, polyclinics, pharmacies, maternity hospitals, sanatoriums, feldsher-midwife stations, and other medical institutions in the occupied districts of Shusha, Kalbajar, Aghdam, Fuzuli, Qubadli, Jabrayil, Zangilan, Lachin, Tartar, Khojaly, Khojavand, and Khankendi. The research demonstrates that hundreds of healthcare facilities equipped with modern medical technologies were looted, burned, or completely destroyed, causing billions of US dollars in economic losses to Azerbaijan. The occupation also resulted in the forced displacement of thousands of healthcare professionals and residents, severely affecting the medical and social well-being of the local population. Particular attention is devoted to the destruction of health resorts, mineral water resources, and therapeutic centers of strategic importance. The article further highlights the post-2020 reconstruction process in the liberated territories, emphasizing the establishment of modern healthcare institutions within the framework of the “smart city,” “smart village,” and “green energy zone” concepts in Karabakh and Eastern Zangezur.

SYSTEMATIC ORGANISATION OF UKRAINE’S MILITARY-TECHNICAL AND DEFENCE-INDUSTRIAL POLICY

Vadym Mashtalir — 2026-08-10

This article examines the theoretical and organisational foundations of state management of military-technical policy. An institutional model of the state management system in this sphere is proposed. The article justifies the advisability of treating military-technical policy as an integrated management system within the defence sector. It identifies the interconnection between the organisational structure of state management bodies and the mechanisms for formulating and implementing military-technical policy. It demonstrates that the coherence of institutional mechanisms and the functional distribution of powers contributes to enhancing the effectiveness of activities in the defence sector. The areas of interaction between military-technical policy and other components of the national security and defence system are outlined. Recommendations are provided for improving state management of military-technical policy, aimed at ensuring balance, efficiency and coordination in the implementation of defence programmes.

CYBERSECURITY OF DIGITAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE INFRASTRUCTURE IN UKRAINE: A PROCEDURAL SAFEGUARD OF ELECTRONIC EVIDENCE INTEGRITY AND FAIR TRIAL

Nataliia Stashevska — 2026-08-10

The digitalisation of criminal justice has transformed the procedural environment in which evidence is created, stored, transmitted, examined, and challenged. In proceedings involving electronic evidence, evidentiary reliability increasingly depends not only on formal rules of admissibility and proof, but also on the cybersecurity of the digital infrastructure through which such evidence is handled. This article argues that cybersecurity of digital criminal justice infrastructure in Ukraine is better conceptualised not merely as a technical or organisational function of information protection, but as a procedural safeguard of electronic evidence integrity and fair trial. The article examines the procedural significance of cybersecurity safeguards for ensuring the integrity, authenticity, provenance, traceability, and verifiability of electronic evidence in Ukrainian criminal proceedings. It applies formal-dogmatic, systemic-structural, and limited comparative legal methods and analyses Ukrainian criminal procedure, legislation on electronic documents, electronic identification and trust services, cybersecurity regulation, selected doctrinal sources, European human rights standards, and international cybersecurity guidance. The analysis demonstrates that the integrity, traceability, and verifiability of electronic evidence increasingly depend on cybersecurity measures embedded within digital justice systems. Accordingly, Ukrainian criminal procedure should more clearly integrate cybersecurity safeguards into evidentiary handling, judicial assessment, and defence verification.

THE CONCEPT OF JUSTICE IN THE CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS OF UKRAINE

Nataliia Syza — 2026-08-10

The article is devoted to the definition of the concept of justice and its essential characteristics in criminal proceedings in Ukraine. Based on an analysis of scholarly research, it is concluded that justice in criminal proceedings constitutes the law-application activity of a court, carried out in a procedural form established by law, in compliance with the principles of criminal proceedings, and aimed at resolving the accusation on the merits and adopting a lawful, well-reasoned, and fair judicial decision. Justice is examined in correlation with the institutional and procedural elements of the right to a fair trial. It is determined that the institutional elements of the right to a fair trial ensuring the administration of justice include the principles of a tribunal established by law, judicial independence, impartiality, and access to justice. The procedural elements of the right to a fair trial, which ensure the implementation of fairness and provide guarantees of individual rights and the proper administration of justice, are identified as follows: reasonable time for trial, equality of arms, the right to legal assistance, publicity of of the trial, and the reasoned nature and binding force of judicial decisions. It is substantiated that a specific feature of the concept of justice is the interconnection of its formal and substantive essential characteristics, which allows it to be considered both as an activity and as a goal. The administration of justice i presupposes both a fair judicial process and a fair outcome. Justice, as the goal of judicial activity, is equivalent to fairness. It is established that the purpose of justice in criminal proceedings is realized through the adoption of a lawful, well-reasoned, motivated, and fair judicial decision that resolves a socio-legal conflict and ensures the protection of the rights, freedoms, and interests of individuals.

BLOCKCHAIN-BASED TRACEABILITY IN AGROECOLOGY: LEGAL GOVERNANCE UNDER EUROPEAN UNION LAW

Antonina Zghama — 2026-08-10

The article examines the legal significance of blockchain-based traceability for agro- ecological production and agri-food value chains under European Union law. The research is based on the hypothesis that distributed ledger technologies can support agroecological transformation only when they are embedded in a wider framework of data governance, environmental due diligence, organic certification, consumer protection and fundamental rights. The purpose of the article is to identify how blockchain may strengthen the credibility of agro- ecological claims and, at the same time, what legal limits prevent it from becoming a substitute for public control, certification and accountability. The methodology combines legal analysis of EU regulatory acts, systemic interpretation, comparative assessment of technological and legal functions, and a risk-based approach to digital tools in agriculture. The article argues that blockchain is most useful as an evidentiary infrastructure for recording events, documents and responsibilities across supply chains, especially in organic production, deforestation-free trade and precision agriculture. However, the reliability of such systems depends on the quality of input data, governance of smart contracts, access rights, interoperability, cybersecurity and compliance with data protection law. The study concludes that EU law is moving toward a model in which blockchain may become a technical layer of sustainable agri-food governance, but not an autonomous source of legal truth.

CRITICAL PUBLIC HEALTH COMPETENCIES IN THE TRAINING OF FUTURE DOCTORS: AN ASSESSMENT OF EDUCATIONAL IMPERATIVES UNDER MARTIAL LAW

Volodymyr Drobotenko — 2026-08-10

This article examines the issue of developing critical public health competencies within the training system for future doctors in Ukraine under conditions of prolonged martial law. The author emphasises that the traditional focus of medical education on peacetime clinical skills is insufficient to meet modern challenges. Based on bibliosemantic analysis and a cross-sectional study of students, key crisis factors are identified: infrastructure deficits, epidemiological threats, psychosocial problems, risks of CBRN incidents, exacerbation of chronic non-communicable diseases, managerial and economic dysfunctions, and demographic changes. In light of these challenges, educational imperatives are outlined, including mastering the skills of medical triage, infection control, providing psychological first aid, responding to environmental and occupational risks, managing chronic conditions, crisis management, and analysing demographic trends. The author justifies the need to integrate these competencies into curricula by shifting from a disciplinary model to an integrated competency-based approach that combines clinical, military medical, and psychosocial training.

THE ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN NURSING EDUCATION AND PRACTICE

Dmytro Filipiuk — 2026-08-10

The implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies represents one of the key directions in the digital transformation of healthcare systems. The growing relevance of AI adoption is driven by multiple interrelated factors, including the accumulation of large-scale healthcare data, the widespread use of electronic health records and digital medical imaging archives, advances in machine learning methodologies, and increased availability of high-performance computational infrastructure. Existing evidence from research and applied implementations demonstrates that AI technologies can significantly enhance the efficiency of healthcare organizations, optimize the allocation of financial and human resources, improve healthcare management and service delivery, and enable the development of new patient-centered digital services. This paper analyzes the main domains of AI application, including clinical decision support systems, automated patient monitoring, predictive analytics, personalized care, medication management, and telemedicine. It is established that AI integration contributes to improved quality of healthcare services, increased operational efficiency, and reduced workload on medical personnel. Particular attention is given to the transformation of nursing education, which must adapt to emerging technological paradigms through the integration of digital competencies and innovative pedagogical approaches. The study synthesizes key opportunities and challenges associated with AI adoption, including ethical considerations, data security risks, infrastructural limitations, and the potential reduction of human-centered care elements. The necessity of comprehensive workforce training and the development of adaptive educational frameworks for healthcare professionals is emphasized.

EFFECTIVENESS OF TARGETED PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC INTERVENTION MODELING FOR FUNCTIONAL ANXIETY PATTERNS

Mykola Nesterenko — 2026-08-10

The development of technology is grounded in the premise that anxiety is a dynamic, highly plastic functional system for the anticipation of threat and the mobilization of psychosomatic resources to respond to the threat. Based on the determination of the client's initial functional pattern of anxiety, a targeted modeling of the therapeutic route takes place, differentiating four main trajectories of intervention: the ascending trajectory for the disintegrative, alexithymic, and demonstrative patterns; the descending trajectory for the reduction and creative patterns; the lateral trajectory for the reactive personality pattern; and the homeostatic trajectory for the productive pattern. Technology implements a guided inter-paradigmatic integration of methods from cognitive-behavioral, Gestalt, art, and logotherapy, among others. Each method is utilized as an autonomous intervention block to address a specific dysfunctional target of the anxiety functional pattern at the corresponding stage of psychotherapeutic interventions across four consecutive phases with a dynamic feedback loop. Empirical verification of the technology using Ward’s method (N=39) demonstrates its high efficacy. A significant increase in clients exhibiting the productive pattern was recorded, rising from 12.82% pre-intervention to 69.23% post-intervention. It was revealed that only clients with the initial alexithymic pattern demonstrated a transition to the reactive pattern, potentially serving as an intermediate stage in overcoming the dysfunctional aspects of their baseline anxiety pattern. Resistance to psychotherapeutic interventions was observed in a third of the sample, which may be attributed to the chronic depletion of psychophysiological resources and the pronounced rigidity of psychological defense mechanisms.

ANTHROPOLOGICAL PARADIGM IN LEGAL PSYCHOLOGY

Viktoriia Petrushenko — 2026-08-10

The article reveals and systematises the main evolutionary developments of the anthropological paradigm in the context of the development of legal psychology, as distinctive scientific field. The author identifies the main patterns of the anthropological paradigm, particularly it’s role in the synthesis of legal and social problems in the context of determining the foundations of socio-legal behaviour (Fuller, 1994). This identification provides the background for a scientific framework that would help researcher to synthesize social, legal and institutional determinants of human behaviour in modern socio-legal systems from an anthropological paradigmal standpoint. It should be recognized that the anthropological paradigm focuses on scientific conduct, involving facts, data, and examples from a huge body of knowledge in the «psychology-law» system, which is amenable to processing by «anthropometric» methodological techniques. Anthropological paradigm serves an interdisciplinary integrative purpose in legal psychology.

POST-VACCINATION IMMUNITY: FORMATION AND ASSESSMENT OF EFFECTIVENESS IN THE POPULATION OF THE KHARKIV REGION

Andrii Volianskyi — 2026-08-10

A complex mosaic of immune responses was identified among the population of the Kharkiv region during the administration of combination vaccines designed to prevent multiple infectious diseases. The majority of vaccinated individuals respond adequately to several components of combined vaccines simultaneously; however, groups of individuals can invariably be identified who exhibit either weak or strong responses to one, two, or several vaccine antigens included in the formulation. Assessment of immune system status is most appropriately conducted both upon completion of the primary immunisation schedule and thereafter. This makes it possible to decide whether further booster vaccinations may be unnecessary or, conversely, to determine the need for enhancement of the immune response. The implementation of serological monitoring would enable a more accurate determination of the true levels of herd immunity across different social groups and regions, facilitate the management of vaccination schedules, assess the effectiveness of vaccines and vaccination programmes, and allow the estimation of the quantities of vaccines, diagnostic tools, medicinal products, and public health efforts required to ensure comprehensive population protection.