THE NEED FOR THE EUROPEAN PUBLIC PROSECUTOR’S OFFICE AND RELATED PROBLEMS
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Published:
Dec 3, 2021
Abstract
Since the entrance into force of the Lisbon Treaty the pillar system was abolished and matters on judicial co-operation in criminal matters including police co-operation are treated under the co-decision procedure and qualified majority voting. The main actors established by the European Union in the area of freedom, security and justice are European Police Office (Europol), the European Union’s Judicial Cooperation Unit (Eurojust) and European Anti-Fraud Office (OLAF). However, the Union acknowledges the need to establish the European Public Prosecutor’s office in order to combat financial fraud concerning the budget of the European Union to and bring more transparency to this issue. The Lisbon Treaty provides a possibility to set-up a European Public Prosecutor Office from Eurojust, nevertheless such organizations as Europol and OLAF shall be taken into account before the office takes it full activities in order to avoid duplications of the mandates and functions.
How to Cite
Liepa, D. (2021). THE NEED FOR THE EUROPEAN PUBLIC PROSECUTOR’S OFFICE AND RELATED PROBLEMS. Baltic Journal of Legal and Social Sciences, (1), 20-26. Retrieved from http://baltijapublishing.lv/index.php/bjlss/article/view/1421
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Keywords
Lisbon Treaty, The European Public Prosecutor’s Office, Europol, Eurojust, OLAF
References
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16. The first calls for measures to combat fraud go back as far as 1976: Commission Recommendation 67/651/EEC on measures to be taken by the Member States to prevent and detect fraud in agriculture // OJ Spec Ed 259, 1967.
17. Jae Vervaele, «Towards an independent European agency to fight fraud and corruption in the EU?» // European Journal of Crime, Criminal law and Criminal Justice, 1999, 7
18. Commission (EC), ‘Tougher measures to fight against fraud affecting the Community Budget’ (Report) // COM (87) 572 final, 20 November 1987.
19. Constantin Stefanour and others, OLAF at the Crossroads: Action against EU fraud // Hart Publishing, Oxford and Portland, Oregon 2011, 2.
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21. Commission (EC), ‘The prevention of and fight against organized crime in the financial sector’ (Communication) // COM (2004) 0262 final, 16 April 2004.
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23. J.F.H. Inghelram, Legal and Institutional Aspects of the European Anti-Fraud Office (OLAF) // Europa Law Publishing, Groningen 2011, 67.
24. The European Parliament and the Council Regulation (EC) 1073/1999 concerning investigations conducted by the European Anti-Fraud Office (OLAF) // OJ L 136, 1999
25. Council Decision 2009/426/JHA of 16 December 2008 on the strengthening of Eurojust and amending Decision 2002/187/JHA setting up Eurojust with a view to reinforcing the fight against serious crime [2009] // OJ L 138/14 art 1(1) first subparagraph.
26. European Commission Call for Proposals OLAF/2012/D5/02 on technical support for national authorities’ use of special investigative tools and methods in the fight against fraud and corruption and technical support to strengthen inspections of containers and trucks at the EU’s external borders, including the fight against cigarette smuggling and counterfeiting // OJ L 230/6, 2012.
27. Martijn Willem Zwiers, The European Public Prosecutor’s Office // Intersentia, Cambridge 2011, 371.
28. Antony Hook, ‘Opinion: Why we need European Public Prosecutor’ Liberal Democratic Voice
(21 October 2010) // (last accessed 9 March 2015.)
2. Treaty of Amsterdam Amending the treaty on European Union, the Treaties Establishing European Communities and Certain Related Acts // OJ C340/1, 1997
3. Treaty Establishing European Community // OJ 325/33, 2002
4. Treaty of Lisbon // OJ C 306/01, 2007
5. Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) // OJ C 83/47, 2010
6. Europol, History of Europol // See at: https://www.europol.europa.eu/content/page/history-149 (last accessed 9 March 2015)
7. Max-Peter Ratzel, ‘Europol-The European Union Law Enforcement Organization’ in David Vriesendorp, Frans A. Nelissen and Michail Wladimiroff (eds), The Hague Legal Capital? // Hague Academic Press, The Hague 2008, 143.
8. Council Decision (2009/371/JHA) of 6 April 2009 establishing the European Police Office (Europol) // OJ L121/37, 2009.
9. Commission (EC), ‘Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on the European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Co-operation and Training (Europol) and repealing Decisions 2009/371/JHA and 2005/681/JHA’ COM (2013) 173 final, 27 March 2013.
10. Martijn Groenleer, The Autonomy of European Union Agencies: A Comparative Study of Institutional Development // Eburon, The Hague 2009, 310.
11. Council Decision 2002/187/JHA of 28 February2002 setting up Eurojust with a view to reinforcing the fight against serious crime) // OJ L 063, 2002
12. Council Decision 2009/426/JHA of 16 December 2008 on the strengthening of Eurojust and amending Decision 2002/187/JHA setting up Eurojust with a view to reinforcing the fight against serious crime [2009] // OJ L 138/14 art 13a (1).
13. Eurojust Annual Report 2011, p.11 // see at: http://eurojust.europa.eu/doclibrary/corporate/eurojust%20Annual%20Reports/Annual%20Report%202011/Annual-Report-2011-EN.pdf (last accessed 9 March 2015)
14. European Parliament and the Council (EC), ‘Regulation on the European Union Agency for Criminal Justice Cooperation (Eurojust)’ (Proposal) // COM [2013] 0535 final, 17 July 2013.
15. Commission (EC), Roadmap for a regulation reforming Eurojust’s structure (2011) Section A Context, problem definition. // See at: http://ec.europa.eu/governance/impact/planned_ia/docs/2012_just_028_eurojust_en.pdf (last accessed 9 March 2015.)
16. The first calls for measures to combat fraud go back as far as 1976: Commission Recommendation 67/651/EEC on measures to be taken by the Member States to prevent and detect fraud in agriculture // OJ Spec Ed 259, 1967.
17. Jae Vervaele, «Towards an independent European agency to fight fraud and corruption in the EU?» // European Journal of Crime, Criminal law and Criminal Justice, 1999, 7
18. Commission (EC), ‘Tougher measures to fight against fraud affecting the Community Budget’ (Report) // COM (87) 572 final, 20 November 1987.
19. Constantin Stefanour and others, OLAF at the Crossroads: Action against EU fraud // Hart Publishing, Oxford and Portland, Oregon 2011, 2.
20. Commission (EC), ‘Establishing the European Anti-Fraud Office (OLAF)’ (Decision) // COM (1999) 269 final, 28 April, 1999.
21. Commission (EC), ‘The prevention of and fight against organized crime in the financial sector’ (Communication) // COM (2004) 0262 final, 16 April 2004.
22. Commission Decision (EC) 1999/352/EC, ECSC, Euratom establishing the European Anti-fraud Office (OLAF) // OJ L136, 1999.
23. J.F.H. Inghelram, Legal and Institutional Aspects of the European Anti-Fraud Office (OLAF) // Europa Law Publishing, Groningen 2011, 67.
24. The European Parliament and the Council Regulation (EC) 1073/1999 concerning investigations conducted by the European Anti-Fraud Office (OLAF) // OJ L 136, 1999
25. Council Decision 2009/426/JHA of 16 December 2008 on the strengthening of Eurojust and amending Decision 2002/187/JHA setting up Eurojust with a view to reinforcing the fight against serious crime [2009] // OJ L 138/14 art 1(1) first subparagraph.
26. European Commission Call for Proposals OLAF/2012/D5/02 on technical support for national authorities’ use of special investigative tools and methods in the fight against fraud and corruption and technical support to strengthen inspections of containers and trucks at the EU’s external borders, including the fight against cigarette smuggling and counterfeiting // OJ L 230/6, 2012.
27. Martijn Willem Zwiers, The European Public Prosecutor’s Office // Intersentia, Cambridge 2011, 371.
28. Antony Hook, ‘Opinion: Why we need European Public Prosecutor’ Liberal Democratic Voice
(21 October 2010) //