LONELINESS IN OLD AGE: A STUDY OF ELDERLY PEOPLE IN LATVIA
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Published:
Jun 30, 2023
Abstract
The article discusses the peculiarities of loneliness among elderly people in Latvia. The study involved 98 people aged 65 to 86 living in different social conditions: alone, with relatives, or in a retirement home (Latvia). Psychometric characteristics of the UCLA Loneliness Scale (Version 3), adapted by the author, are presented. The survey results show the views of the elderly on old age and loneliness, feelings arising from loneliness, relationships with others, peers, and communication skills. The reasons for loneliness and the peculiarities of behavior during loneliness were studied. The experience of loneliness is also analyzed depending on social conditions.
How to Cite
Ishmuhametov, I. (2023). LONELINESS IN OLD AGE: A STUDY OF ELDERLY PEOPLE IN LATVIA. Baltic Journal of Legal and Social Sciences, (2), 7-13. https://doi.org/10.30525/2592-8813-2023-2-2
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Keywords
loneliness, elderly age, loneliness measurement, UCLA Loneliness Scale (Version 3), social conditions
References
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8. Laurie A. Theeke, R. Turner Goins, Julia Moore & Heather Campbell (2012) Loneliness, Depression, Social Support, and Quality of Life in Older Chronically Ill Appalachians, The Journal of Psychology, 146:1-2, 155-171.
9. Perlman D. & Peplau L. A. (1982) Theoretical approaches to loneliness. Loneliness: A sourcebook of current theory, research and therapy. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 123–134.
10. Russell, D. (1996) The UCLA Loneliness Scale (Version 3): Reliability, validity, and factor structure. Journal of Personality Assessment.Vol. 66, 20–40.
11. Sapogova E.E. (2001) Psychology of human development. Moscow: Aspect press [in Russian].
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13. Tineke Fokkema, Jenny De Jong Gierveld & Pearl A. Dykstra (2012) Cross-National Differences in Older Adult Loneliness, The Journal of Psychology, 146:1-2, 201-228.
14. Toivonen, K. I., Zernikow, B., Mende, M., & Radbruch, L. (2021) Loneliness and social isolation interventions for older adults: a scoping review of reviews. BMC geriatrics, 21(1), 1-18.
15. Victor, C. R., & Yang, K. (2012). The prevalence of loneliness among adults: a case study of the United Kingdom. The Journal of Psychology, 146(1-2), 85-104.
16. World Health Organization (2022). Ageing and health. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ageing-and-health#:~:text=By%202050%2C%20the%20world's%20population,2050%20to%20reach%20426%20million.
2. Burholt, V., Nash, P., & Ganguli-Mitra, A. (2019). What is the prevalence of loneliness amongst older people living in residential and nursing care homes? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing & Society, 39(11), 2479-2500.
3. Centrālā statistikas pārvalde (2021). Seniori Latvijā. Retrieved from https://admin.stat.gov.lv/system/files/publication/2021-9/%21Seniori_Latvija_2021_%2821_00%29_LV.pdf
4. Christina R. Victor & Ann Bowling (2012) A Longitudinal Analysis of Loneliness Among Older People in Great Britain, The Journal of Psychology, 146:3, 313-331.
5. Courtin, E., & Knapp, M. (2017). Social isolation, loneliness and health in old age: a scoping review. Health & social care in the community, 25(3), 799-812.
6. Ishmuhametov I.N. (2006) Psychometric characteristics of the UCLA Loneliness Scale (version 3): a study of university students. Computer Modelling and New Technologies. Economy un society. Vol.10, No.3, 90–96. [in Russian].
7. Išmuhametovs I. (2007) Vientulība: pētījumu teorētiskie un empīriskie aspekti. Monogrāfija. Daugavpils: Daugavpils Universitātes Akadēmiskais apgāds „Saule”.
8. Laurie A. Theeke, R. Turner Goins, Julia Moore & Heather Campbell (2012) Loneliness, Depression, Social Support, and Quality of Life in Older Chronically Ill Appalachians, The Journal of Psychology, 146:1-2, 155-171.
9. Perlman D. & Peplau L. A. (1982) Theoretical approaches to loneliness. Loneliness: A sourcebook of current theory, research and therapy. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 123–134.
10. Russell, D. (1996) The UCLA Loneliness Scale (Version 3): Reliability, validity, and factor structure. Journal of Personality Assessment.Vol. 66, 20–40.
11. Sapogova E.E. (2001) Psychology of human development. Moscow: Aspect press [in Russian].
12. Slobodchikov I.M.(2007) Sovremennyye issledovaniya odinochestva. Psikhologicheskaya nauka i obrazovaniye, № 3, 27–35 [in Russian].
13. Tineke Fokkema, Jenny De Jong Gierveld & Pearl A. Dykstra (2012) Cross-National Differences in Older Adult Loneliness, The Journal of Psychology, 146:1-2, 201-228.
14. Toivonen, K. I., Zernikow, B., Mende, M., & Radbruch, L. (2021) Loneliness and social isolation interventions for older adults: a scoping review of reviews. BMC geriatrics, 21(1), 1-18.
15. Victor, C. R., & Yang, K. (2012). The prevalence of loneliness among adults: a case study of the United Kingdom. The Journal of Psychology, 146(1-2), 85-104.
16. World Health Organization (2022). Ageing and health. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ageing-and-health#:~:text=By%202050%2C%20the%20world's%20population,2050%20to%20reach%20426%20million.