FROM TRADITION TO INNOVATION: THE TRANSFORMATION OF SCHOOL TECHNOLOGIES IN AZERBAIJAN SINCE THE SECOND HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY

Abstract

In this work, I explore how school technologies in Azerbaijan have changed from the second half of the twentieth century to the present day. I focus on how traditional teaching methods gradually gave way to more innovative approaches, especially with the development of information and communication technologies. During the Soviet period, education was mostly based on standardized methods, with limited flexibility and a strong emphasis on discipline and memorization. However, over time, new ideas and tools began to appear, influencing both teaching and learning processes. I also look at the period of independence, when Azerbaijan started implementing educational reforms and integrating modern technologies into schools. Digital tools, interactive methods, and student-centered approaches became more visible in classrooms. This shift was not immediate, but it developed step by step, reflecting both global trends and local needs. In addition, I consider how teachers adapted to these changes and how students’ roles evolved from passive listeners to active participants. In the end, the transformation of school technologies in Azerbaijan shows a gradual move from tradition to innovation, where modern educational practices continue to develop while still being influenced by historical foundations.