THE ECONOMIC-ECOLOGICAL APPROACH TO THE UNDERSTANDING OF HUMAN RIGHTS: A THEORETICAL AND LEGAL PERSPECTIVE

Abstract

In the contemporary era of global scientific and technological development and the formation of a new world legal order, the concept of human ecology economics was introduced into scientific circulation, and a novel ecological and economic approach was developed in the theory of economic science. This approach enables the reduction of the risks of depletion of natural resources and environmental degradation due to unbalanced economic development. The ecological and economic approach is predicated on the widespread utilisation of an economic and legal mechanism that facilitates the reconciliation of environmental and economic interests of society with maximum respect for human rights in the formulation of economic policy. In the further development of a new branch of economic science, namely human ecology economics, it is essential to take the latest developments in the field of human rights into consideration, with particular emphasis on those pertaining to the generations of these rights. The article is dedicated to theoretical and legal approaches to understanding the generations of human rights in the era of globalization, at the crossroads of the world order and the emergence of existential challenges for modern civilisation. The new order should be formed based on the principle of respect for human rights as a fundamental value. However, contemporary economic policy and scientific and technological progress have the potential to compromise the right to human dignity, exacerbate disparities in access to fundamental resources, notably drinking water, and contribute to the infringement of other economic, social, cultural, and environmental rights. The new world order must be founded on the basis of respect for human rights and necessitates a radical transformation of the economy. The implementation of novel approaches to economic development, a component of which is the economy of human ecology, will facilitate reform. It has been demonstrated that the sustainable development model has a contribution to the development of a new type of economy. This necessitates novel approaches to environmental human rights, which, in light of scientific and technological progress, should be regarded as ecological-economic rights. The impact of economic development on human rights is analysed, and it is concluded that such development exacerbates risks, including resource depletion, violations of human rights to equality and non-discrimination, etc. Concurrently, it is emphasised that risks can be circumvented through the implementation of an ecological economy as a prerequisite for sustainable development. The text places particular emphasis on the economic aspect of environmental human rights. The ecosystemic approach to the classification of human rights is a concept that is currently being explored. It has been argued that it has significant potential; however, the rights of nature differ from human rights. These categories cannot be equated. Therefore, it is only appropriate to speak about the greening of human rights as part of the global process of greening world development. This new discourse requires a change in approach to understanding the category of "generations of human rights". Attempts to argue for the inclusion of somatic, digital and environmental rights in the fourth and fifth generations of human rights are being examined, respectively. The approach under discussion is rendered moot by the fact that it harbours risks of disrupting the established architecture of human rights. Drawing upon the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights, this study underscores the emergence of digital and somatic rights as novel facets of the human right to life, the right to respect for private and family life, the right to freedom of expression, and the right to information confidentiality.