ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGAL REGULATION OF THE FINANCIAL SECTOR OF THE ECONOMY AMID EUROPEAN INTEGRATION

Abstract

Financial sector development depends on the efficiency of its regulatory mechanisms that should correspond to the directions of implementation of state financial policy, which is aimed at the support for economic stability, protection of interests of participants in financial markets, and provision of rational use of growing financial market potential. Introduction of the mechanism of organisational and legal regulation is able to implement a complex approach to the application of various methods, means, other regulators on processes of effective formation and use of state financial resources in order to ensure their coordination and correspondence to strategic development priorities of the state. The purpose of the article is to substantiate features of organisational and legal regulation of the financial sector of the economy of EU countries and Ukraine, identify the main directions for reformation and recommendations for its improvement in the context of European integration trends and the possibility of securing competitive positions of Ukraine in the international market. The most widespread in the world are two models for regulating the financial sector’s activity – sectoral model and mega-regulator model. In the sectoral model, functions of public authorities are distributed according to three financial sectors (banking, insurance, stock). The model of mega-regulator determines the peculiarities of establishing a single authority endowed with functions of supervision and regulation of the financial sector. At the modern state of countries’ development, the main methods and forms of state regulation of the financial sector are determined by direct (development and adoption of laws and regulations, licensing of the activities, supervisory activities and implementation of measures of supervision of financial institutions) and indirect (changes in the volume of cash resources, securities issue, interest policy, provision of guarantees on fulfilment of obligations for securities of separate issuers, encouragement of foreign relations with international financial organisations) influence. Financial sector regulation in the EU and Ukraine is carried out according to the sectoral model where banking activities are subject to the Central Bank; activities in the market for securities are regulated by the National Securities and Stock Market Commission; activities of other financial intermediaries and financial companies are regulated by the National Commission for State Regulation of Financial Services Markets. Results of the research conducted allow determining the features of state regulation of the financial sector of the economy of Ukraine: the lack of legislative environment for regulating the financial status at the macrolevel and microlevel; provisions of the existing regulatory framework are aimed at the regulation of economic security; the absence of strategic benchmarks fixed in long-term documents for ensuring financial development of the country and the economic development of financial institutions; the presence of several regulators of the state of the financial system that duplicates functions and causes inefficient work; information closeness of regulators of financial market and financial system regarding the results of their work on ensuring the financial stability of the state. In order to improve rating positions and competitive advantages of Ukraine in global markets, it is necessary to develop additive legal framework and state support program for export-oriented enterprises for the promotion of export of finished products with high added value; start the policy of expansion on the basis of expansion of both geographical and commodity structure of exports.