“VIOLENCE IS NOT A METHOD”: FORMING THE IDEOLOGY AND FEATURES OF MARTIN LUTHER KING’S STRUGGLE FOR THE CIVIL RIGHTS OF AFRICAN AMERICAN
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Published:
Apr 22, 2022
Abstract
The article is devoted to the processes of forming the worldview of Martin Luther King. The research material is presented in chronological order. It analyzes some aspects of the doctor’s childhood, examines the factors that influenced his personality. The conditions of his formation in the professional sphere are covered. Particular attention is paid to Martin Luther King’s views on the methods of African Americans to fight for their civil rights. The evolution of his views, their systematics and the ultimate goal, which Martin Luther King himself saw, are analyzed. The article examines Dr. King’s relationship with the US government, his views on US foreign and domestic policy at the time. A separate aspect considers the ideas of nonviolence in the context of the struggle, their etymology, specificity, and the effectiveness of its use by Martin Luther King.
How to Cite
Kononchuk, Y. (2022). “VIOLENCE IS NOT A METHOD”: FORMING THE IDEOLOGY AND FEATURES OF MARTIN LUTHER KING’S STRUGGLE FOR THE CIVIL RIGHTS OF AFRICAN AMERICAN. Baltic Journal of Legal and Social Sciences, (3), 99-107. https://doi.org/10.30525/2592-8813-2021-3-11
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Keywords
Martin Luther King, civil rights, ideology of nonviolence, African Americans
References
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2. Ansbro J.J. (1982). Jr: Nonviolent Strategies and Tactics for Social Change. Madison Books (in English).
3. Baldwin Lewis V. (1991). There is a Balm in Gilead: The Cultural Roots of Martin Luther King, Jr. Minneapolis: Fortress Publishing (in English).
4. Boggs Grace Lee (1998). Living for Change: An Autobiography. U of Minnesota Press (in English).
5. Burrow R. (2014). Extremist for Love: Martin Luther King Jr., Man of Ideas and Nonviolent Social Action. Book collections on Project MUSE. Fortress Press (in English).
6. Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand (1869–1948), King Encyclopedia, Stanford University. URL: https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/encyclopedia/gandhi-mohandas-k (in English).
7. Garrow D.J. (1987). Bearing the Cross: Martin Luther King Jr. and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. Harper Collins (in English).
8. Gray J. (2012). Birmingham civil rights activist Colonel Stone Johnson has died (slideshow). AL.com. URL: https://www.al.com/spotnews/2012/01/birmingham_civil_rights_activi.html (in English) (Accessed 27 May 2021).
9. Heivskykh I.A. (1973). SShA: Nehrytianska problema. Polityka. Vashynhton v nehrytianskomu pytanni (1945–1972). (US: Negro problem). M.: Mizhnarodni vidnosyny, 186 s. (in Ukrainian).
10. Huseynov A.A. (1993). Nenasylstvo: filosofiia, etyka, polityka. (Non-violence: philosophy, ethics, politycs). M. Nauka. 188 s. (in Russian).
11. Ivanov R.F., Lisnevskyi T.A. (1981). Ku-kluks-klan (Ku klux klan). M.: Polytyzdat. 218 s. (in Russian).
12. Kahlenberg, Richard D. (1997). Book Review: Bayard Rustin: Troubles I’ve Seen. Washington Monthly. Archived from the original on October 5, 2008 (in English).
13. King, Martin Luther Jr.; Clayborne Carson; et al. (2005). The Papers of Martin Luther King Jr., Volume V: Threshold of a New Decade, January 1959 – December 1960 (PDF). University of California Press. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 15, 2013 (in English).
14. King, Martin Luther Jr. (April 16, 1963). Letter from Birmingham Jail. The Martin Luther King Jr. Research and Education Institute. Archived from the original on January 9, 2013. (in English).
15. King, Martin Luther Jr. (1990). A Testament of Hope: The Essential Writings and Speeches of Martin Luther King Jr. Harper Collins (in English).
16. King, Martin Luther Jr. (December 11, 1964). Nobel Lecture by MLK. The King Center (in English).
17. Kondrashov M.A. (1986). Zhyttia i smert M.L. Kinha. (Life and death of M.L.King). M.: Mizhnarodni vidnosyny, 268 s. (in Russian).
18. Lance Hill (2006). The Deacons for Defense: Armed Resistance and the Civil Rights Movement. University of North Carolina Press (in English).
19. Lewis, David L. and Carson, Clayborne. “Martin Luther King, Jr.”. Encyclopedia Britannica,
11 Jan. 2022/ URL: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Martin-Luther-King-Jr (Accessed 15 January 2022).
20. Marshall F. (2005). Martin Luther King, Jr: A Life (in English).
21. Natsionalni vidnosyny v Novyi i Novitnii chas: teoriia i politychna praktyka (2000) (National relations in modern and modern times: theory and political practice). M.: Mizhnarodni vidnosyny. 175 s. (in Russian).
22. Pearson Hugh (2002). When Harlem Nearly Killed King: The 1958 Stabbing of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Seven Stories Press (in English).
23. Purnick Joyce (April 18, 1988). Koch Says Jackson Lied About Actions After Dr. King Was Slain. The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 4, 2013 (in English).
24. Robbins Mary Susannah (2007). Against the Vietnam War: Writings by Activists. Rowman & Littlefield (in English).
25. Rymyny R. (2018). Kratkaia ystoryia SShA [The short history of the US]. Moscow: KoLybry, Azbuka-Attykus (in Russian).
26. Thomson-Deveaux A. (2014). Armed Resistance in the Civil Rights Movement: Charles E. Cobb and Danielle L. McGuire on Forgotten History. The American Prospect (in English).
27. Transcript of Civil Rights Act (1964). URL: https://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=false &doc=97&page=transcript (in English) (Accessed 27 May 2021).
28. Wofford, Harris Llewellyn (1926). Archived from the original on March 17, 2015. URL: https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n80025834.html (in English) (Accessed 27 May 2021).
29. Z istorii politychnoho rukhu ta hromadskoi dumky SShA (1991). (From political movement and public opinion in US). M.: Mizhnarodni vidnosyny. 251 s. (in Ukrainian).
2. Ansbro J.J. (1982). Jr: Nonviolent Strategies and Tactics for Social Change. Madison Books (in English).
3. Baldwin Lewis V. (1991). There is a Balm in Gilead: The Cultural Roots of Martin Luther King, Jr. Minneapolis: Fortress Publishing (in English).
4. Boggs Grace Lee (1998). Living for Change: An Autobiography. U of Minnesota Press (in English).
5. Burrow R. (2014). Extremist for Love: Martin Luther King Jr., Man of Ideas and Nonviolent Social Action. Book collections on Project MUSE. Fortress Press (in English).
6. Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand (1869–1948), King Encyclopedia, Stanford University. URL: https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/encyclopedia/gandhi-mohandas-k (in English).
7. Garrow D.J. (1987). Bearing the Cross: Martin Luther King Jr. and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. Harper Collins (in English).
8. Gray J. (2012). Birmingham civil rights activist Colonel Stone Johnson has died (slideshow). AL.com. URL: https://www.al.com/spotnews/2012/01/birmingham_civil_rights_activi.html (in English) (Accessed 27 May 2021).
9. Heivskykh I.A. (1973). SShA: Nehrytianska problema. Polityka. Vashynhton v nehrytianskomu pytanni (1945–1972). (US: Negro problem). M.: Mizhnarodni vidnosyny, 186 s. (in Ukrainian).
10. Huseynov A.A. (1993). Nenasylstvo: filosofiia, etyka, polityka. (Non-violence: philosophy, ethics, politycs). M. Nauka. 188 s. (in Russian).
11. Ivanov R.F., Lisnevskyi T.A. (1981). Ku-kluks-klan (Ku klux klan). M.: Polytyzdat. 218 s. (in Russian).
12. Kahlenberg, Richard D. (1997). Book Review: Bayard Rustin: Troubles I’ve Seen. Washington Monthly. Archived from the original on October 5, 2008 (in English).
13. King, Martin Luther Jr.; Clayborne Carson; et al. (2005). The Papers of Martin Luther King Jr., Volume V: Threshold of a New Decade, January 1959 – December 1960 (PDF). University of California Press. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 15, 2013 (in English).
14. King, Martin Luther Jr. (April 16, 1963). Letter from Birmingham Jail. The Martin Luther King Jr. Research and Education Institute. Archived from the original on January 9, 2013. (in English).
15. King, Martin Luther Jr. (1990). A Testament of Hope: The Essential Writings and Speeches of Martin Luther King Jr. Harper Collins (in English).
16. King, Martin Luther Jr. (December 11, 1964). Nobel Lecture by MLK. The King Center (in English).
17. Kondrashov M.A. (1986). Zhyttia i smert M.L. Kinha. (Life and death of M.L.King). M.: Mizhnarodni vidnosyny, 268 s. (in Russian).
18. Lance Hill (2006). The Deacons for Defense: Armed Resistance and the Civil Rights Movement. University of North Carolina Press (in English).
19. Lewis, David L. and Carson, Clayborne. “Martin Luther King, Jr.”. Encyclopedia Britannica,
11 Jan. 2022/ URL: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Martin-Luther-King-Jr (Accessed 15 January 2022).
20. Marshall F. (2005). Martin Luther King, Jr: A Life (in English).
21. Natsionalni vidnosyny v Novyi i Novitnii chas: teoriia i politychna praktyka (2000) (National relations in modern and modern times: theory and political practice). M.: Mizhnarodni vidnosyny. 175 s. (in Russian).
22. Pearson Hugh (2002). When Harlem Nearly Killed King: The 1958 Stabbing of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Seven Stories Press (in English).
23. Purnick Joyce (April 18, 1988). Koch Says Jackson Lied About Actions After Dr. King Was Slain. The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 4, 2013 (in English).
24. Robbins Mary Susannah (2007). Against the Vietnam War: Writings by Activists. Rowman & Littlefield (in English).
25. Rymyny R. (2018). Kratkaia ystoryia SShA [The short history of the US]. Moscow: KoLybry, Azbuka-Attykus (in Russian).
26. Thomson-Deveaux A. (2014). Armed Resistance in the Civil Rights Movement: Charles E. Cobb and Danielle L. McGuire on Forgotten History. The American Prospect (in English).
27. Transcript of Civil Rights Act (1964). URL: https://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=false &doc=97&page=transcript (in English) (Accessed 27 May 2021).
28. Wofford, Harris Llewellyn (1926). Archived from the original on March 17, 2015. URL: https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n80025834.html (in English) (Accessed 27 May 2021).
29. Z istorii politychnoho rukhu ta hromadskoi dumky SShA (1991). (From political movement and public opinion in US). M.: Mizhnarodni vidnosyny. 251 s. (in Ukrainian).