THE METHOD OF FREE ASSOCIATION AND ITS APPLICATION TO IDENTIFY THE MAIN PERSISTENT FEARS AND THEIR DETERMINANTS
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Published:
Aug 1, 2022
Abstract
This article aims to identify the nature and the main determinants of fear experienced by cadets of Ukrainian higher military educational institutions and manifested in the actualization of the semantic component `fear` in the associations evoked by the visual emotional and appraising perception of knowledge about traumatic events. We argue that the forms of fear detected in cadets have common characteristics: 1) connection with prediction, that is, with the future; 2) activation of imagination in order to identify sources of danger; 3) presence of two components directly connected with cognitive activity, namely expectation and uncertainty. Cadets’ fear has the modality of anxiety, which can be characterized as a consequence of the inability to assess their own strength and resources.
How to Cite
Khraban, T. (2022). THE METHOD OF FREE ASSOCIATION AND ITS APPLICATION TO IDENTIFY THE MAIN PERSISTENT FEARS AND THEIR DETERMINANTS. Baltic Journal of Legal and Social Sciences, (1), 179-189. https://doi.org/10.30525/2592-8813-2022-1-21
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Keywords
emotion, fear, military, association experiment, stress
References
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26. Wallenius, C., Larsson, G., and Johansson, C.R. (2004). Military observers’ reactions and performance when facing danger. Military Psychology, 16, 211–229. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327876mp1604_1
2. Barrett, L.F., Mesquita, B., Ochsner, K., Gross, J.J. (2007). The experience of emotion. Annual Review of Psychology, 58, 373–403
3. Buckley, R.C. (2016). Qualitative Analysis of Emotions: Fear and Thrill. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 1187. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01187
4. Dehaene, S. (2014). Consciousness and the Brain. New York, NY: Viking.
5. Elkins, J. (2003). Visual Studies. A Skeptical Introduction. New York: Routledge.
6. Frijda, N.H., Scherer, K.R. (2009). Affect (psychological perspectives). In D. Sander, K.R. Scherer (Ed.), Oxford Companion to Emotion and the Affective Sciences (p. 10). New York: Oxford University Press.
7. Garrod, S. (2006). Psycholinguistic Research Methods. In book: Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics (pp.251–257). https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/04155-9
8. Huettig, F., Rommers, J., & Meyer, A.S. (2011). Using the visual world paradigm to study language processing: a review and critical evaluation. Acta psychologica, 137(2), 151–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2010.11.003
9. Koreneva, O.B. (2019). Combining corpus linguistics methods and experimental psycholinguistics in the terminology study. Journal of psycholinguistics, 4(42), 62–75. https://doi.org/10.30982/2077-5911-2019-42-4-64-77
10. Kremen, V., & Ilin, V. (2020). Psycholinguistic peculiarities of the discourse of visual epistemology: from logos to visio. PSYCHOLINGUISTICS, 28(1), 168–186. https://doi.org/10.31470/2309-1797-2020-28-1-168-186
11. Kuppens, P., Van Mechelen, I., Smits, D.J. M., De Boeck, P. (2003). The appraisal basis of anger: Specificity, necessity and sufficiency of components. Emotion, 3(3), 254–269. https://doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.3.3.254
12. Levine, L.J., and Pizarro, D.A. (2004). Emotion and memory: a grumpy overview. Social Cognition, 22(5), 530–554. https://doi.org/10.1521/soco.22.5.530.50767
13. Lindquist, K.A. (2017). The role of language in emotion: existing evidence and future directions. Current Opinion in Psychology, 17, 135–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.07.006
14. Lindquist, K.A. (2021). Language and Emotion: Introduction to the Special Issue. Affect Sci, 25, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42761-021-00049-7
15. Lindquist, K.A., Gendron, M. (2013). What’s in a word: language constructs emotion perception. Emotion Review, 5(1), 66–71. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073912451351
16. Lindquist, K.A., MacCormack, J.K., Shablack, H. (2015). The role of language in emotion: predictions from psychological constructionism. Frontiers in psychology, 6, 444. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00444
17. Mattley, C. (2002). The temporality of emotion: constructing past emotion. Symbolic Interaction, 25(3), 363-378. https://doi.org/10.1525/si.2002.25.3.363
18. Meshheryakov, B.G., Zinchenko, V.P. (2003). The Big Dictionary of Psychology. St. Petersburg: Prajm-Evroznak.
19. Pishhalnikova, V.A. (2019). Interpretation of associative data as a problem of psycholinguistic methodology. Russian Journal of Linguistics, 23(3), 749–761. https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-9182-2019-23-3-749-761.
20. Russell, JA. (2003). Core affect and the psychological construction of emotion. Psychological Review, 110(1), 145-172.
21. Scherer, K.R., Meuleman, B. (2013). Human emotion experiences can be predicted on theoretical grounds: evidence from verbal labeling. PLoS ONE, 8, e58166. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0058166
22. Siemer M, Mauss I, Gross J (2007) Same situation–different emotions: How appraisals shape our emotions. Emotion, 7, 592–600. https://doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.7.3.592
23. Stacy, A.W., Ames, S.L., & Grenard, J.L. (2006). Word Association Tests of Associative Memory and Implicit Processes: Theoretical and Assessment Issues. In R.W. Wiers & A.W. Stacy (Eds.), Handbook of implicit cognition and addiction (pp. 75–90). Sage Publications, Inc. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412976237.n6
24. Sternin, I.A, Rudakova, A.V. (2011). Psycholinguistic meaning of a word and its description. Lambert Academic Publishing.
25. Sternin, I.A. (2020). Cognitive interpretation of the results of comparative studies. In M.A. Sternina i I.A. Sternin (Red.) Comparative Studies: A Scientific Digest (Vol. 17, pp. 11–21). Voronezh: OOO «Izdatelstvo RITM».
26. Wallenius, C., Larsson, G., and Johansson, C.R. (2004). Military observers’ reactions and performance when facing danger. Military Psychology, 16, 211–229. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327876mp1604_1