ANALYSIS OF INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE IN DETERMINING THE STATUS OF PRISONERS OF WAR AND RESPONDING TO THREATS IN THE FIELD OF MILITARY SECURITY
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Abstract
The article examines the legal status of prisoners of war in the context of military conflict. It is noted that in the course of the Russian-Ukrainian war, the issue of implementation and guarantees of the rights and interests of prisoners of war, regulation of the activities of relevant state bodies and officials, and bringing the aggressor country to international responsibility for their violation is particularly relevant. The authors determine that the system of normative legal acts of international humanitarian law defines the rights and obligations of prisoners of war, and the procedure for their detention by states within the framework of international obligations. It is emphasised that the Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War of 12.08.1949 is of particular importance in determining the legal status of prisoners of war in armed conflict, since this international treaty establishes rules and standards for the protection of prisoners of war during armed conflicts, their rights and obligations, as well as the obligations of the states holding them. The article formulates that the structure of the legal status of a prisoner of war consists of: 1) the rights of a prisoner of war (general human rights and special status rights of a prisoner of war), a significant part of the rights of prisoners of war is enshrined in the Convention by comparing legal situations with similar ones applicable to persons from the Armed Forces of the capturing state; 2) the duties of a prisoner of war (to obey the laws, regulations and orders in force in the armed forces of the state holding him captive, to disclose personal data); 3) guarantees of their implementation by the state holding the prisoner of war; 4) legal liability of a prisoner of war (disciplinary and criminal liability). It is noted that in case of violation of the rights of prisoners of war by a state that holds them in captivity, it will be responsible to the international community and affected persons, in particular, by decision of international tribunals or existing international judicial bodies, such a state is obliged to provide reparations or compensation to affected persons or states whose prisoners of war have suffered violations of their rights. The experience gained by modern Ukraine is invaluable, as this is the biggest threat after the Yalta Agreement, after the construction of the global security architecture. However, Ukraine, with its underdeveloped institutions, needs to study the experience of countries that have overcome threats to military security, and thus national security. After all, belonging to the Western community is only a declaration of its ideas and their enshrining in documents, and, first and foremost, thinking in Western terms. The paper analyses the experience of responding to and assessing threats in the field of military security of countries with a high level of development: Israel, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands. Special attention is paid to the experience of developing documents related to this issue: strategies, reports, profiles. The authors draw attention to the level of advisory support for certain procedures and the involvement of a wide range of specialists.
How to Cite
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prisoner of war, legal status, rights and obligations of prisoners of war, military conflict, governing bodies, military security response, social protection, social security of veterans
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