ORGANISATIONAL FORMS OF DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION OF MACHINE-BUILDING ENTERPRISES

Abstract

The purpose of the article is to develop a scheme for the operation of an export-oriented cluster of machine-building enterprises based on innovative development. The scheme includes specific, practical recommendations for the involvement of scientific and educational institutions, as well as various satellite enterprises, according to the development needs of different groups of enterprises. Methodology. This study builds on previous research concerning export-oriented development, innovation-driven growth, and foreign economic strategies. Scientific research on existing approaches to understanding various integration structures and the legislative acts that regulate them revealed the main differences among these structures. One important difference is the focus on various programs within the framework of the country's innovation policy and support for different types of projects. This research also identified the advantages and disadvantages of these projects for various enterprises in Ukraine's machine-building industry. The main content of the proposed methodology is the justification of a scheme for a cluster structure of interactions between machine-building enterprises. Results. The proposal entails the establishment of a system of clusters of machine-building enterprises, predicated on the principles of innovative activity. This system will involve research institutions and vocational education institutions. The formation of this system will allow for the strengthening of the value-added chain in terms of increasing labour productivity and attracting more qualified employees. It will also allow for the attraction of innovations that are needed "here and now", while using fewer financial resources. In accordance with the principles of management and the stages of formation proposed by the authors, a scheme has been formed for the functioning of an export-oriented cluster of machine-building enterprises based on innovative development. This scheme includes not only the core of the cluster—the main enterprises that manufacture machine-building products and the scientific institutions that ensure the innovativeness of the development vector—but also various satellite enterprises, financial institutions, and internal consumers of products and services. These entities operate under the given conditions of market development, influenced by state and regional authorities, as well as factors of the external environment of the domestic and international markets. Practical implications. Practical recommendations have been developed for forming a system of export-oriented clusters with an innovation bias for the studied groups of enterprises. This is reflected in the general scheme of cluster functioning and interaction among the various entities proposed to be involved in organizing and managing the cluster. This is in accordance with the proposed principles and the concept of interaction between the studied enterprises forming the basis of the cluster and the relevant scientific and educational institutions. The goal is to activate innovative activities and increase labour efficiency. Value / Originality. The methodological approach developed for the formation of a system of export-oriented clusters serves as the foundation for management decisions and the formulation of export strategies for machine-building enterprises within the context of developing an export-oriented model of the economy.