ECONOMIC AND LEGAL PARADIGM OF THE CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF A MODERN STATE

Abstract

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the economic and legal aspects of the concept of sustainable development in a modern state, considering the history of its formation and evolution. It demonstrates that the concept of sustainable development emerged in response to the intensification of economic, environmental and social contradictions within industrial civilisation. It traces the origins of these ideas in the works of T. Malthus, who was one of the first to highlight the limited nature of natural resources, and in V. Vernadsky's teachings on the noosphere, in which human collective intelligence is considered the driving force behind the transformation of the biosphere. Considerable attention has been paid to the contributions of the Club of Rome, particularly its reports: "The Limits to Growth", "Mankind at the Crossroads", "The First Global Revolution", "Beyond Growth", "Factor Four: Half the Input, Double the Output", and "The Limits to Growth: 30 Years Later", which provided the scientific basis for reconsidering the concept of unlimited economic growth. This paper analyses the role of international UN conferences and programme documents, particularly the report "Our Common Future", the 1992 Rio de Janeiro conference and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, in shaping the modern understanding of sustainable development as an integrated economic and legal model. It is demonstrated that sustainable development is an integrative model combining economic growth, social stability and environmental security, and that effective implementation requires proper legal support. The role of the state in establishing legal mechanisms to regulate economic processes while taking into account the interests of present and future generations is defined. Particular attention is paid to the legal support required for the economic aspect of sustainable development. This includes the declarative nature of regulatory provisions, fragmented legislation, a lack of clearly defined economic sustainability indicators, and inconsistent national legislation with international standards. Special emphasis is placed on the need to integrate economic and legal instruments into a unified strategic management system for state development. The methodological basis of the study was the philosophical, general scientific and special scientific approaches and research methods. The dialectical method was fundamental to this study, enabling sustainable development to be viewed as an ever-evolving, dynamic phenomenon influenced by economic, legal and social factors. This method enabled the evolution of views on sustainable development to be traced and internal contradictions between economic growth and the limited nature of natural resources to be identified. The historical and economic method was employed to analyse the formation and evolution of the concept of sustainable development. The systemic approach enabled the identification of the role and place of law in ensuring the economic sustainability of the state, as well as the interconnection between legal norms and the economic mechanisms of development. The generalisation method was employed to systematise scientific approaches, draw conclusions and develop theoretical generalisations concerning the issue of legal support for sustainable economic development. The formal-logical method identified contradictions in the conceptual apparatus used in the theory of the new development model. The purpose of the study is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the economic and legal aspects of the concept of the sustainable development of the modern state. This will involve clarifying the historical preconditions for its formation and identifying key issues relating to the legal support of sustainable economic development. The study will also justify ways of improving the legal mechanisms for implementing the principles of sustainable development in the context of modern socio-economic transformations. The results of this study enable a deeper scientific understanding of the economic and legal principles of sustainable development in the modern state. They also help to systematise the historical stages of its formation and the main theoretical approaches, as well as identifying key issues relating to the legal support of sustainable development. The study's practical value lies in its comprehensive combination of economic and legal aspects of the concept of sustainable development. This enables one to substantiate recommendations for improving state policy, align national approaches with international standards, and establish a methodological foundation for future scientific research in this field. Conclusion. An effective economic and legal framework for sustainable development in a modern state requires a comprehensive approach based on the rule of law, long-term planning, state accountability and public engagement in achieving sustainable development goals. Clearly, the key problems of legal support for the concept of a modern state's sustainable development are complex and multifaceted, covering regulatory, institutional and sociocultural aspects. Overcoming these issues requires a holistic approach involving the systematic improvement of legislation, the strengthening of inter-sectoral and inter-level coordination, the development of effective law enforcement mechanisms and the enhancement of the role of law in shaping the foundations of sustainable economic development.