LABOUR MARKET IN THE CONTEXT OF ARMED CONFLICT: UKRAINIAN PERSPECTIVE AND INTERNATIONAL

Abstract

The purpose of the paper is to analyse the impact of armed conflict on the labour market and the economy, with a particular focus on structural shifts in employment, unemployment dynamics, income levels, social protection and working conditions. The main focus is placed on Ukraine as a country experiencing a full-scale war, while drawing parallels with other conflict-affected regions to provide broader analytical context. Methodology. The study is based on a comprehensive analysis of statistical data, economic forecasts, official reports of governments and international organisations, as well as the experience of countries that have faced similar challenges. Particular attention is paid to the employment of internally displaced persons and refugees, as well as mechanisms for their integration into host labour markets. The results of the study show that military conflict leads to a sharp increase in unemployment, income instability, and a significant redistribution of labour resources. Many businesses cease operations due to destruction or displacement, resulting in job losses and lower production rates. Large-scale internal and external migration leads to demographic shifts and regional labour shortages or surpluses, alters the structure of employment, and increases demand for specialists in defence, logistics, infrastructure reconstruction, healthcare, and humanitarian support. Despite these challenges, armed conflict can stimulate the development of new economic sectors, encourage innovation, and accelerate the implementation of adaptation mechanisms and structural reforms in the labour market. Practical implications. The results obtained can help to develop targeted employment recovery programmes, improve social protection systems and support for the displaced population. Value / originality. The longitudinal data and international comparisons contribute to a deeper understanding of labour market transformation in conflict, helping to develop evidence-based strategies for stabilisation, recovery and sustainable post-war development.