FEATURES OF BUILDING IN KYIV AT THE END OF THE 19TH – EARLY 20TH CENTURIES

Abstract

The historical, topographic and stylistic features of the architecture of Kyiv in the late 19th and early 20th centuries are considered, and the role of the architectural and decorative plasticity of facades in the formation of the architectural image of the city is revealed. The main principles of the classification of facades are determined and the compositional solutions of the facades of buildings of the late 19th and early 20th centuries in the city of Kyiv are classified. One of the main features of the development of Kyiv is its connection with the relief. The topographic basis is reflected in the planning and in the methods of building the historical central districts. Accent buildings are located on high points of the relief, on squares, on street corners or separately or with an indentation from the red building line. The functional, compositional and stylistic structure of the building is revealed, which is necessary for a correct understanding of its role in the formation of the image of the city. At that time, Kyiv was characterized by a perimeter character and high density of building. The size, the architectural solution and the length of the building were dictated by the size and the length of the land plot and the wealth of the owner. In the development of Kyiv in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, multi-storey “profitable houses” played a significant role. They are now receiving a new status of architectural monuments, which, according to the law on cultural heritage, must be protected and used wisely. As a result of the study, based on the vertical divisions of facades (conditional axes), a classification of compositional solutions for facades was developed, which can be used in the reconstruction of Kyiv, in particular if new inclusions in the historical building are necessary.