UNIFIED METHODOLOGY FOR MILITARY FIELDFORENSICS (BATTLEFIELD FORENSICS) FOR DOCUMENTING WAR CRIMES

Abstract

The article examines the problem of the absence in Ukraine of a unified methodology for battlefield forensics as a specialized system for recording, collecting, preserving, and initially analyzing evidence of war crimes in conditions of active combat operations. It is argued that the application of adapted procedures of classical forensics does not ensure the proper admissibility and evidential value of materials in situations of constant danger, limited time, and risk of evidence loss. The content and features of battlefield forensics are revealed, its place in the system of criminalistics science and its correlation with international standards of evidence, in particular the requirements of the International Criminal Court, are determined. The international experience of NATO, the ICC, OHCHR, UNITAD, and analytical OSINT platforms that shape the current practice of documenting war crimes is analyzed. The principles of a unified methodology are formulated, the integration of classical and digital forensic tools is justified, and the structural stages of field documentation and key challenges for implementing the methodology in Ukraine are identified. Strategic directions for the development of a national battlefield forensics system are proposed, including the creation of interagency rapid response teams, digital recording protocols, and a national coordination center. It is concluded that a unified methodology for military field forensics is a necessary prerequisite for ensuring effective investigation of war crimes and the compatibility of evidence with international jurisdictions.