CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF INDIVIDUALIZATION BASED ON STRENGTH, SPEED, AND COORDINATION CHARACTERISTICS
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Abstract
The study for the first time identified and classified a complete group of seven typical fighting styles in modern freestyle wrestling: "power", "game", "distance-tempo", "clincher", "hold-tempo", "high-reliability", and "even-developed". Each style is represented through a complex of model characteristics that combine five fundamental groups of parameters: morphological features (mass-height indices and body proportions), psychological qualities (creativity, discipline, psycho-emotional stability), the level of special physical and technical-tactical fitness, and kinematic characteristics of a competitive match (reliability of attack and defense, effectiveness in standing and parterre positions). A theoretical model of style genesis was scientifically substantiated, explaining the formation of new combat manners through the emergence effect when combining and dominating certain motor qualities in combination with the athlete's physique and psyche. It was established that transitional forms of styles are formed due to the transformation of basic properties, where success is achieved through specific compensatory mechanisms and the realization of individual advantages. It was proven that the "favorite technique" constitutes the core of the individual style structure, the choice of which directly correlates with the topography of muscle strength and anthropometric parameters. A method for the objectification of technical mastery control was introduced using patented training devices. The device for practicing the "rolling turn" (nakat) allows for a quantitative assessment of the mannequin's compression force, maximum torque, and execution time, while the "shvung" device provides measurements of explosive power, force, and speed of preparatory actions. A strategic three-stage individualization algorithm was proposed: the stage of predisposition detection (up to 1 year), the stage of style formation (4.5–5.5 years), and the stage of perfection throughout the entire sports career. Objective criteria for predicting development were established: a correlation coefficient r > 0.3 indicates a predisposition to a style, while r > 0.5 indicates its final formation. The effectiveness of the approach was experimentally confirmed: in the experimental group, the number of wrestlers with a high degree of style formation increased by 52.4%, and the average degree of compliance with model fitness profiles increased by 45.2%. The reliability of the method was confirmed by its coincidence with expert evaluations of leading coaches in 94.4% of cases. Objective. The research aims to develop and scientifically substantiate a holistic system of individualization for wrestlers' preparation, based on the dialectical unity of an athlete's natural predispositions and the requirements of modern competitive activity under conditions of constant intensification of Olympic sports and frequent changes in competition rules. Conclusions. Implementation of a holistic individualization system based on typical styles allows for a transition from a subjective search for a fighting manner to a scientifically managed process of training. This ensures the maximum realization of the wrestler's natural potential, minimizes errors in the selection of promising cadet and junior athletes, and significantly increases wrestlers' competitiveness in elite sports
How to Cite
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wrestling, individualization of training, fighting styles, model characteristics, favorite technique, management system, correlation analysis, training devices, long-term preparation
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