LEXICAL TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE MODERN UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE UNDER MARTIAL LAW: SOURCES OF ENRICHMENT AND FUNCTIONING OF NEW VOCABULARY

Abstract

The article examines the dynamic changes in the vocabulary of the modern Ukrainian language caused by martial law and large-scale social transformations in Ukraine. The main directions of the renewal of the lexical system are analyzed, including the formation of neologisms, the activation of native Ukrainian vocabulary, the spread of military terminology, the semantic reinterpretation of existing lexical units, the processes of foreign borrowings, and the formation of new phraseological constructions. It has been established that contemporary linguistic processes reflect not only the need to name new wartime realities but also socio-political, cultural, and psychological changes in Ukrainian society. Particular attention is paid to the role of mass media, Internet communication, social networks, and publicistic discourse in the rapid dissemination and consolidation of new vocabulary. The paper provides examples of current lexical units that have become symbolic of the wartime period and reflect public sentiments, national self-identification, and the emotional and evaluative attitudes of Ukrainians toward present-day events. It is emphasized that the modern Ukrainian language demonstrates a high level of adaptability and the ability to respond promptly to historical challenges through the active renewal of its vocabulary.